Billboard Advertising Essay

In the event of choosing the most effective way to market your company, I believe that using billboard advertising is the best way to invest your money. Do you ever wonder if you’re really getting the most out of your marketing campaign? In all of those mediums, your ad is there one day (or month) and gone the next†¦with little lasting impression unless you remarket through that medium. In our technology-driven media environment in which the consumer has access to satellite radio, cable or satellite TV, the internet and numerous print media outlets, the visibility of outdoor advertising allows the advertiser’s message to stand out. Further, even those who no longer commute still spend time on the road in order to run errands, attend events or dine. The cost of putting up a billboard ranges anywhere from $1,000 to $3,000 a month depending on the company, the road the billboard is on, the traffic, and the market. If this sounds like a lot of money to you, think again – because a running a full-page newspaper advertisement for a single day in any major newspaper will cost you the same amount – and it is not nearly as effective. 1. Billboard advertising grabs the attention of potential customers like no other form of advertising can. 2. One of the most cost-effective mediums of advertising 3. Brand awareness and strong name recognition  4. Colorful, creative and eye-catching ads have more impact 5. Reaches out to thousands of people on a daily basis 6. Targets a specific audience according to location 7. Ads are not lost in the mix of competitors and editorials 8. Messages are delivered continuously and frequently 9. Directs potential clients and customers to your place of business. These are but a few of the many advantages that billboard advertising has. With so many benefits, it’s no wonder that so many business owners are using billboard advertising today. From putting them up at airports to sticking them on car or truck wraps to even showcasing them at movie theatres, billboard advertising makes it possible for you to advertise your products and services anywhere.

American Jewry Order nov 3

In the United States around 1992, American Jewry came into a process of reformation directing toward a consolidation of the Council of Jewish Federations, the United Jewish Appeal, and the United Israel Appeal into the new broad-based organization that could speak in the name of American Jewry in new ways ( Elazar, http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles3/rwjintro. htm). Travel and communications advances facilitated the increasing solidity of the Jewish race across the world.With the progress noted, more and more of its people have connections throughout the Jewish world, or at least across long distances within in it. Gradually more individual Jews, their families and communities relied upon resources in other communities, in the form of religious guidance from Israel or whether it is just for encouragement from the American Jewish experience as measures of intensifying Jewish identity. Even with the overabundance of organizations and organizational activities, a majority of the Jewry s eem to be oblivious of them.For most Jews, familiarity of their area community involvements is all they know about structured Jewish life, if that. Nevertheless, an institutional structure has developed and a network of connection more or less involving most of the existing organizations and institutions has been progressing. The Jewish people now have a superior prospect to uphold unity than it has had since the destruction of the First Temple in 586 BCE. Up to this day, American Jewry remains the primary pioneer in the advancement of world polity.They are committed to nation-building, the development of Israel, relief and rescue of Jewish communities in need, fighting anti-semitism, representing collective Jewish interests in world affairs, mobilization of leadership and activists to undertake these and other functions, governance functions in the world Jewish polity, assuring that there are appropriate bodies for the carrying on of the functions, raising funds to cover the costs of these functions, oversight of the organizations and institutions handling the functions, developing appropriate inter-organizational relations both among the authorities that comprise the world Jewish polity and the local, countrywide, regional, and worldwide arenas (Bubis). The National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS) 2000-01, a $6 million study carried out by The United Jewish Communities, is said to provide the most all-inclusive, trustworthy picture of American Jewry to date. Records show that there are 5. 2 million American Jews. This is 5 percent less than the 5. 5 million counted in the 1990 population study. There 4. 3 million American Jews attend Passover seders and light Chanukah candles.This figure also takes account of those more Jewishly devoted — families who maintain kosher homes, regularly join synagogue meetings, enrolled Jewish schools and go to at least one Jewish society. The percentage of intermarriage is growing, but at a stable rate, with 47 percent of today's Jewish newlyweds marrying non-Jews. The mean Jewish age is 42, in contrast to 35 for Americans in general, and the birthrate was 1. 8, lower than the 1. 9 rate for American women generally. The picture of American Jewry highlighted by the study is multifaceted. On the one hand, the American Jewish population is aging and shrinking, as the birthrate is falling and intermarriage is rising, and most Jews do not take on communal or religious pursuits.On the other hand, a vast majority of American Jews attend a Passover seder and celebrate Chanukah and Jewish education is booming. Jews are more affluent than Americans generally. More 33 percent of Jewish households report an annual income of $75,000 or higher, compared to just 18 percent of U. S. households. The median Jewish household income is $54,000, compared to $42,000 for Americans generally. Speaking about affluence, the world’s richest Jew is Steve Ballmer, a Detroit-born son of a Jewish mother, 43 years old, wh ose worth is an estimated $25 billion. Steve Ballmer was selected president and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corp.on January 13, 2000. In his position as president and CEO, Ballmer is oversees the entire management of Microsoft. It has been said that the outside terrorization, such as pogroms, coped with by Jews over the centuries act as unifying power. Jews needed each other in order to survive in a Jew-hating world. In line with this idea, the elimination of those external threats has become a factor to assimilation. The more accepting the non-Jewish world has become of Jews, the less Jews have felt they need other Jews and the Jewish community for support and the more Jews have become open to giving up their Jewish ways in an effort to blend with the world around them.Thus, the cost of Jewish living exceeded the value of Jewish living for many 20th century American Jews. While Jewish community efforts to lower costs and increase value have attempted to tip the scales in t he other direction, combating the integration of Jews in America, the â€Å"Land of Opportunty†, has been a harsh struggle to win. In an effort to assimilate and minimize threat, the American Jewry of late has developed a system of beliefs wherein it has become a community characterized with an exclusive and normalized behavior that is attributable to a specific people and that is expressed through certain images, symbols, rituals, myths, and other kinds of stories.There developed a sense of pluralism which is defined in their context: having the conviction that more than one religion can instruct truths. To put it strongly, religious pluralism maintains that no specific religion can assert total certainty to teach absolute truth. Within the Jewish population, there is a collective history, a shared expression of prayer and study, a shared Bible and a shared set of rabbinic literature, consequently often providing for Jews of considerably diverse worldviews to nevertheless id entify some level of common ideals and purposes. Reference: 1. Bubis,Gerald B. The Costs of Jewish Involvements and barriers. http. //Judaism. about. com. 2. Elazar, Daniel E. Jerusalem Center for Public AffairsI. http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles2/futureamerjewry. htm.

Analysis of Goya's Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of Goya's Art - Essay Example A painting that depicts the ideologies of the time is from the â€Å"El Tres de Mayo† painted in 1814 with oil on canvas (see Appendix A). This particular painting represented the various movements of the time in terms of politics, culture, society and the philosophies of Goya. Analysis of Goya’s El Tres de Mayo The concepts that are represented in the painting of El Tres de Mayo begin with creating a narrative about the time frame and the Revolts that were occurring during the time frame in Spain. The painting is oil on canvas and is 266 x 345 centimeters. It is currently located at the Prado Museum in Spain and remains a collection that is representative of the changing culture of Spain. The date of release of the painting was in 1814 during the time of the Revolution in Spain and the Napoleonic Wars. The painting represents the subject matter of soldiers working from the political upheaval on one side of the canvas. The other canvas has the common man who is opposed to the political structure. A central man is located on the left side of the canvas with his hands in the air. Two men are lying in the left hand corner of the canvas that are dead while other men are circled around the central man who is holding his hands in the air. Some are bending over to one side while the others on the right are covering their eyes while moving up to a platform. The background behind the common men is a hill while the background behind this is a church or castle with two other buildings that are shaded into the area. The subject matter that Goya creates is one that is noted through specific techniques first. The lines that are in the subject matter create a division through the center of the canvas and build a division between light and dark. This is furthered with the light side of the canvas having the common men while the right side having the darker shades of gray and black. The techniques that Goya use don’t add in colors but instead use only shade s of white, gray and black as well as some browns. These are designed to blend into the other colors and to create lines while showing a darker subject matter that is representative of the revolts at the time. The shading that is used then moves into the division of light and dark between the two sides. This helps to accent the main subject matter of the common man while the other lines are pointing toward this as a highlight in subject material. The shading and the lines that are used are further highlighted with divisions that Goya creates through the individual subject matter of each of the men in the canvas. The lines are the main representation, specifically with the soldiers on one side. The perspective and lines remains straight with the stance of each of the soldiers while the guns are all held at a 90 degree angle. This helps to accent the organization of politics and points at how this creates the common man to become subjected to the political movements of the time. The l ines in the background of the building structures further highlight the revolts and problems that occurred at the time. The lines and divisions that are created on the side which is with lighter shades remains more chaotic and highlights the loss the men are going through. Instead of straight angles, there are rounder and more curved lines through each of the men, such as them bending over or falling. The only man who has a straighter angle is the main subject, shown by raised hands in the air. This highlights the common man and

Case study (enron case) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study (enron case) - Essay Example These should be in the form of compliance officers or corporate ethical committees that oversee the ethical conduct in the company. Portraying myself in the role of the fictional executive, I find that I face a dilemma in terms of whether I should report the instance of unethical behavior or keep it to myself. Considering the fact that I came across a conversation between senior executives regarding unethical behavior, I have to face up to the fact that I need to take a stand on whether I betray their confidence and blow the whistle or keep quiet and let the other employees of the company suffer along with the shareholders. This dilemma is compounded by the fact that I know for certain that unethical business practices are being followed at the very top and that I cannot remain mute and at the same time, I do not have the right channels to report the behavior. In this paper, I discuss the course of action that I should undertake with reference to various theories of moral behavior as well as provide explanations for the scenarios of whether I should report and why and whether I should not report and why. There are issues of conflict of interest in both the scenarios. If I chose not to blow the whistle, I might be doing so because I stand to benefit from the stock options that have been offered to me. If I chose to disclose, I might end up comprising my fellow executives as well as my own position in the process. Of course, the conflict of interest in not blowing the whistle is greater than the other scenario. With regards to Kantian moral theory, the best course of action would be to blow the whistle on the wrong doing that is going on in the company. Kantian theory states that one should do the right thing irrespective of the consequences. Hence, the right thing to do in this case would be to complain either to the top management

Flow chart of the recruitment (top) and selection (bottom) process Assignment

Flow chart of the recruitment (top) and selection (bottom) process - Assignment Example The paper tells that recruitment can be done in two levels i.e. internal recruitment and external recruitment, although they both follow the same generic steps to accomplish the company’s objectives. Internal recruitment involves employment of individuals who have previously worked with the firm and includes processes like transfers, promotions and reinstatement of former employees. On the other hand, external recruitment involves the firm employing individuals who have never worked in the firm again from numerous sources available in the market. Internal recruitment has the advantage of increasing employee productivity since recruits are already aware of internal mechanisms of the firm, and they do not need a long time to readjust after appointment. However, internal recruitments deny the firm the benefits of innovation that come from employing people who are unfamiliar with the firm. Therefore, even firms with robust employee training and development programs should occasion ally do external recruitments to enrich the quality and diversity of its human resources. Selection is the process that follows recruitment and involves the passing of the new recruits through rigorous tests and elimination processes to ensure that the firm employs individuals who are most suited for their jobs. Current and potential requirements of a position must be matched with the candidate that possesses the best knowledge, skill, ability, and other personal characteristics that would enable them to perform one’s duties effectively and efficiently. ... These individuals are more likely to be satisfied with their job, less likely to be absent from duty, and are motivated to do their best for the firm as long as the firm takes care of their welfare (Cooper, Robertson and Tinline, 2003). The selection process takes a considerable period since the firm wants to assess the suitability of the individual; however, it also gives the new employee time to identify the suitability of the firm’s strategic plan to personal objectives. For instance, a suitable candidate would not want to work for a firm that does not reflect their personal values. Therefore, as the firm eliminates recruits who are unsuitable to work in its system, individuals get to choose if they want to work with the firm, ensuring both are sure of the possible consequences of the venture without having to make prior commitments (Cooper, Robertson and Tinline, 2003). Task 2: Catering Manager Job Description Job title: Catering Manager Reporting to: Managing Director Sal ary: ?30,000 per annum Hours: Full time (average 40 hours per week) Location: Greenwich Park, London Purpose of the Position The catering manager will oversee, direct, and organize all the catering functions. They will ensure successful planning and smooth running of events, work with clients to ensure that events are completed successfully, and get feedback from clients for use in future planning processes. Finally, the catering manager will have the duty of ensuring that healthy and productive relationship exists between employees and various product providers. Duties and Responsibilities Responsibility 1: The catering manager should assist clients in arranging their events, and even suggest service providers for other services that the events may

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical Assignment

The Nature of Theory Why we need to be able to think in theoretical terms - Assignment Example Most of the time, people think within the box suggesting the idea that they tend to understand matters simply based upon the utilization of their sight and their hearing sense. It could be noticed though that simply thinking within this box limits the capability of people to see only what they can and not that of those that they could perceive. It has been mentioned through time by psychologists and philosophers that a person who is able to think outside the box and see the whole context as well as the elemental factors contributing to the occurrence of an event or the emergence of a particular matter, is someone who could possibly be able to give birth to the options of the different procedures of development that the whole population of the human society could actually be thankful for. The question is, how could theoretical thinking be handled well One is that of the application of strategic thinking. It is innate among humans to be fascinated by the different things that they particularly see around them. It could not be denied then that through the years, this particular fascination within the different elements that could be seen in the human environment actually developed into the many discoveries and inventions that humans produced. Through passing civilization of humans, it could be observed that the people were never contented with what they already have or what they have already accomplished. This is especially true in terms of science and technology as well as in arts and literature. It is indeed undeniable that people recreate the things that are already existent within their own society. The fact that they have already been able to see what they could do regarding a certain type of field, they intend to even do better the net time that they deal with the same invention. Yes, humans never get tired of reinventing everything there is in the environment. Why is this so Human intelligence has always been noted by philosophers as the primary factor that makes the human creation different from that of the other God-made creations. The humans' ability to innovate their own achievements to even better results for the present generation to see, has particularly noted them to be those who are capable of reinventing themselves to be able to evolve from generations to generations. It is through this that people become more aware of the world around them, they cared more than ever with the political agendas, the social issues as well as other informations that concern their interests. True, the changing situation in the society and the demand towards progress requires that human intelligence be perfected in a way that it particularly caters to the needs of the entire humanity. The human brain's ability to store and restructure informations that were accepted by it through the years of an individual's life is particularly a proof that the application of humans' intelligence could still be perfected as generations are still to come along. On Personal Evaluation of Learning Process As a person, having a consumer style knowledge individual has paid much benefit for the author of this paper. The willingness to comprehend with the informations that are being presented to me accordingly actually allows me to

As a beginning teacher, discuss the challenges that issues of Essay

As a beginning teacher, discuss the challenges that issues of inequality may pose to the implementation of Singapore National Ed - Essay Example Despite the meritocratic educational system adopted to diminish the rather diverse students’ backgrounds, teaching might still be experienced differently due to their ethnic, racial, gender or social class orientations (Kang, 2005). Stemming from these limitations, teachers in the hope of encouraging competition among students might unconsciously promote inequality of learning across groups of students, and further attempt to justify their actions without taking into consideration the possible implications. Generally, The MOE policy initiative was targeted at developing a sense of national identity, that consider Singapore’s developmental challenges and constraints, as well as a confidence in the country’s future (Chang, 1995). According to Poon (2008), the Singapore government on its part has promoted equality of opportunity across the student divide irrespective of the racial, social or religious backgrounds. First, Singapore has established integrated schools in place of the colonial era separate language medium schools that hampered interaction between students from diverse racial backgrounds. Secondly, education has been made accessible to all citizens through the government-subsidized education and educated well-trained teachers. In addition to the centralized resource distribution for all schools, the curriculum and examinations have been standardized as a measure for all students irrespective of their social backgrounds. Therefore, the comparatively exhaustive education opportunities available for the Singaporean population mean that a level competition field has been created for students despite their social or ethnic backgrounds (Tan, 2008). Research has however established that despite the equal opportunities, inequalities are evidenced in the educational outcomes. For instance, certain groups such as the Chinese seem relatively highly educated than their Malay and Indian counterparts. Further, it is not determinable as to whethe r education yields equal returns in the economy with respect to the segments of the population. But with equal education opportunities, inequality of outcomes exists because of biological destiny and cultural deprivation (Sim & Print, 2009). According to Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), theorists of the biological destiny believe that difference in intelligence exist across the racial/ethnic, male/female or rich/poor segments is derived from the notion that some groups are naturally dominating and therefore would be â€Å"natural† for some groups to perform better than others. Disagreements have arisen as to whether IQ tests measure that which is learnt or innate to a student. From a sample of questions in an IQ test, it is clear that specific pieces of knowledge are measured (Lai, 2004). Additionally, cultural deprivation as a source of inequality in outcomes postulates that certain individuals or groups of people (especially from the lower social class or ethnic group) are vi ewed as inferior in throughout the culture. Such groups are considered to experience failures in life due to the cultural values that they hold (such as laziness, disobedience and rashness in decision making). For instance in Japan, while a specific section of Korean origin is deemed lowest in social order due to their violence and dumbness, immigrants

Current event write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current event write up - Essay Example Perhaps this is because the couples are law enforcers: in the Orange County city of Yorba Linda. As the chief of Orange Countys Human Relations Commission, Kennedy tracks crimes touching the Black people who makeup only 2 % of the countys populace, "but they are the most frequently targeted victims, year after year after year," (Banks, par 4). The story of the Yorba Linda folks hints on an unknown truth. With the intention of not showing the case on hate crime list, shows that the police had handled case as a normal harm. (Banks, par 6). What followed was the formation of small circles by black people who shared their personal stories of discrimination and the pains they went through. Most of the stories were about problems and the brutality they had with the police. Remember, these are the people they expect to protect them from harm. For instance, Bettys grandson for skateboarding in an empty parking lot was detained by the police. A police officer who said, â€Å"I have not seen you around here before," blocked a man new to Brea near his home. Jona Knight-Hall said she was pulled more than three times in 2007, in her new Mercedes. It was always something like â€Å"Your passenger is not wearing her seat belt properly. She rarely stopped in her old car. Nevertheless, you cannot think of driving an expensive car. People look at you like What is she doing with that? "(Banks, par 13). "I felt totally helpless," she said. She once attempted to file a grievance, which was alleging racial profiling. "However there is nothing that you can about it. People act as if you are imagining things that do not happen in the real world. There have been a lot reported cases on police brutality particularly to black guerilla family gangs. These gangs by no means should not be tolerated. The gangs are made up young black American boys who are very young. The issue is the way police treat the gang members when they catch them. Most of the gang members die in

Business ownership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business ownership - Term Paper Example It is always the dream of any person to own such multinational companies and successful businesses but what hinders everything is how to start, choose, plan and manage. This has always been a big challenge considering any business whether successful or still in the growing stage. Different people would have different views and plans on which business to start due the varying levels of understanding and desires. Such decisions are also affected by the availability of resources such as land, capital, labor and experience. Speaking from my point of view about the type of business that I would like to start someday given enough resources, this is what I would have in mind; starting my own business, sole proprietorship, and to be specific a computer components and accessories merchandise. I have a great passion in computer accessories and given that the business has a ready market, I consider it the best option to take. I would choose to be a sole proprietor where I would assume complete responsibility to anything that happens and also the liabilities and debts. In opening such a business, there are various factors that must be taken into account and this are explained below. For the marketing concept I would choose to do this critically by actually considering all the factors that my business would be dealing with. First of all and most important of all is to create and distribute well-designed and good business cards and posters throughout my locality with brief descriptions of what the business offers and the benefits that one gets by considering to purchase from the business. in doing the marketing, the main target market will be the youth aged between 15 to 35 given that this is the age group that has been seen to make higher purchases especially as it regards computer accessories. My marketing strategies through posters will mainly target to reach this group by ensuring to reach schools, colleges and other youth assembling places such as gymnasiums (Harper 22) . Since my company would be dealing with computer technology which is characterized by time to time updates and innovation, attending of trade shows would also form the basis of my marketing concept. This would allow me to promote my products and services and will also facilitate collection of information from other companies playing a part in the same market. Attending these shows would also offer resources for locating diverse venues around the country where I could get potential customers and more ideas for developing the business. Other important marketing concepts would also include networking at my local chamber of commerce and building strong relationship with local media outlets. Ensuring that people and your clients find my business over the web and internet in general would form the last and most important of all factors of marketing of my product and company. I will ensure to create a company profile of my new business in both facebook and twitter as this is the place to reach the target age group easily (Paulson 31). For the type of distribution, I would design and use selective distribution where I would actually rely on few intermediaries that would actually carry and transport the computer appliances from the other retail shops. This distribution would also be dependent on the regions where this product would actually have more sales. An analysis will be done across major cities and towns to find retail shops

Different cultures Essay Example for Free

Different cultures Essay In the past, different cultures have been developing in various ways and in different parts of the world. These cultures have been influencing the living styles of various nations in the world. It is now very important that different countries be grouped according to their cultural beliefs and civilization e. g. European communities will share those cultures which will differentiate them from those people who are coming from China or Africa. It is believed that those cultural differences of people in the world will clash based on where and how an individual was civilized. This is mainly the ‘clash of civilization’, the concept of Harvard professor Samuel Huntington. This is because people from different parts have ways on which they were civilized and they have different views on the way they view about life,the way they relate to one another and on their various religious beliefs. †We have moved into a world in which ‘civilisation’, some seven or eight of them, and defined much as Arnold Toynbee and some other scholars defined them in the first half of this century,are the building blocks of the new world order† Huntington added. Also most people these days are traveling a lot and therefore the interaction between people from different parts of the world and of different civilization is increasing. These interactions of different people from different civilizations has increased the awareness that this kind of difference in culture exists all over the world, Africa immigration will generate hostility when they settle on European or Asian nations. This is typically due to the clash in their culture. A country whose culture is completely different from another has a problem in investing in a foreign land as compared to those other rivals in the same land. This is because most countries fear to give investment license or such countries due to different ways in their cultural beliefs. The process of economic development and socialization has also resulted in the clash on the ways people live. Samuel Huntington once said†,Pattern of trade will be decisively influnced by pattern of culture†. The different religious beliefs in most of the different cultures is an example of this. We find that there are various types of religions in the world today. These are Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. Another reason which brought about the clash in different culture was the way in which people in different parts of the world viewed about civilization. Many communities found civilization rather hard to adopt because it had other believes and cultures which clashed with their original beliefs. This made different communities to quit the idea of civilization of adopting the western culture and replacing it with their original beliefs. De-westernization has therefore been seen in many non-western countries. ( http://www. bintjbeil. com/articles/en/d-huntington. html). The cultural beliefs of people originating from different parts of the world are very hard to adopt to the same culture unlike other things such as economic and political ones. This is because cultural beliefs of more than two nations are not compatible, rather they are clashing. For example a political system of one country can be adopted by another country but the religious issues are far more complex to be adopted form one country to anothere. g. Muslims are very hard to change and start believing in Christianity but they will be very easily convinced to accept to change and adopt other country’s leadership styles. People of the same civilization have also been known to spur economic growth. This has mostly been witnessed in Europe, East Asia and North America. The development of the nations living in this regions usually is because these people have the same civilization and almost the same beliefs in terms of their culture and their social lifestyles. A country like Japan on the other hand who entirely have different civilization has faced a lot of hurdles in their economic development. Their lifestyles and its cultural beliefs have been known to be clashing with that of its neighbors and therefore making it hard for them to get a business partner with the same interests and beliefs. Thus reducing the rate of their growth. (Ghost, 2003) Yes Huntington’s point of view is supported. This is because there are numerous conflicting issues on people living in different parts of the world today. Huntington described an era in which people everywhere define themselves in cultural terms, ‘ a world in which cultural identities are central’. There is a pre-dominant clash of ideas between the religious communities. This is because there is a split between the western Christianity, Orthodox and the Muslims. These difference are traced to have occurred in the year 1500. There were cultural lines which were traced to have been the source to the different cultural belief of these communities. The people who were living to the west and the north of the line were protestant and others were Catholics. They were economically well of than those who were living to the East. The differences and the conflict of various issues between western and Islamic civilization has been going on for almost 140 years. This was mainly due to the attempt by the westerners to introduce Christianity in the Islamic region which faced a lot of oppositions mainly because various issues regarding the beliefs and norms of Muslims culture were conflicting with those of the Christians. The relationships existing between Japan and America has of late worsened so much. This is mainly due to the culture differences which will result to economic conflicts. The attitudes, and the way people relate to each other between the two societies are very mush different. As compared to the European nations, the economic issue between United States and Japan are very serious. This is because the economic difference in culture between United States and the European nations is far much less as compared to those of Japan civilization. Japanese civilization is very much different because their geographical location is far away as compared to the geographical location dividing America from European nations. This has resulted to a very different type of culture being developed in Japan which on the other hand conflict with that of Americans. ( Edwards, Glover, 2001). According to Huntington, ‘East Asian economic success has its source in East Asian culture’. Culture and civilization have also influenced economies of various countries. Chinese economy ha been enormously growing within the last 15 years than that of Japan. These growth in the China’s economy has been a result of almost the same culture and civilization china enjoyed with its immediate neighbors. Unlike Japan who did not have some cultural resemblance with other nations, china had almost the same cultural beliefs with most of the developing nations in Asia. These countries include Taiwan-which are very much advanced in technological issues, Hong Kong – which is known for the creativity and marketing strategies, Singapore –which is very rich in communication technology. All these three have the same civilization as that of China and therefore they can understand each other in terms of being trading partners, carrying out investment and also respecting each others religious beliefs. (Murshed, 2002) The increase in population among the various countries in the world has resulted to the migration of people. This has mainly occurred in countries particular those living in the Northern part of Africa. The communities living in these parts are then forced to move to western Europe. This movement has resulted to development of other cultures in these countries. These then leads to instability in the normal social life of the citizens in the country both religiously and culturally. The results might be emergence of racism which might cause violence in the country. Reference: Edwards, Rusalind Glover Judith. Risk and Citizenship: key issues in welfare. New York. Routledge, 2001. Ghost, B. N. Contemporary issues in Development Economics. New York. Routledge, 2003 The clash of civilizations. Samuel Huntington. September 1993. Bint Jbeil. 22/10/2007.http://www.bintjbeil.com/articles/en/d-huntington.html

Student Descriptions of Stress

Student Descriptions of Stress Title: How do second-year psychology students describe their experiences of university stress? Abstract:   Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used as well as Interpretative phenomenological analysis being utilised to analyse the transcripts and quality checks were implemented to increase the validity of the analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified with each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each. Such qualitative research is rare in the university related stress literature for psychology students. Suggestions for further research regarding students coping with university stress. Introduction: There are now more students aiming to enter an increasingly competitive job market, which exacerbates the pressure to achieve a respectable degree (Robotham & Julian, 2006). In addition to financial and employment pressures, as well as completing exams and assignments is a period of significant change in a students life, with heightened levels of stress (Fisher & Hood, 1987). In a study conducted by Hirsch and Ellis (1996) the came to the conclusion that university students put extreme pressure on themselves to get a good grade, earn a degree, and get a job as soon as they finish their studies. Although, this is possible to achieve, the negative effects that come with sort of pressure could cause a student to do poorly in one assignment or exam due to the stress they have subjected themselves too and create even more stress for themselves by punishing themselves for not achieving as good of grade as they could have. Moyle and Parkes (1999) believed that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. McEwan (2000) also claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. Using the previous relevant research as a guideline its expected that the participants will describe their experiences of university stress by revealing the sources of their stress and how they deal with their stress. Method: Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Participants: Four second year students studying psychology at University participated in this piece of research. It was key to obtain information from a variety of different perspectives however is some homogeneity in some participants such as; gender, age, and subject of study (see Table 1). Purposive sampling was used in this piece of research because it means that the researcher can select participants based upon a particular purpose to meet their particular needs. Procedure A semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the participants regarding their experiences of university stress. This was decidedly the best method because it meant that the researcher could collect data relating to university stress using prepared questions but could also delve deeper into a participants answer by using probing questions that encourage expansion on a certain point. The interviewer began fully informing the participant that the interview would be audio recorded and used anonymously to analyse later on. This was fully by a full explanation briefed about the purpose of the experiment and that the participant has the right to withdraw at anytime. The participant would be interviewed using the prepared questions along with any probing questions used, as well as debriefed and after the participants were interviews the recording was then transcribed. Analytical approach: A qualitative study was thought to be best because it meant that the researcher could gather more detailed data from the participants. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was the chosen method of analysis in this piece of research because it allowed the interviewer to explore the subjective experiences of the participant, and help to describe and understand the respondents account of the processes by which they make sense of their experiences of university stress (Brocki, Wearden,2006). Critical realism is the ontological stance of IPA; this means that there is a reality however it is subjective because everyone interprets reality in different ways (Furlong, Marsh, 2010). This means that the epistemological stance of IPA is interpretive because it attempts to make sense of the subjective views (Furlong et al, 2010). IPA was used as a method of analysing the data by creating transcripts from each participants audio recording. Each transcript was read several times so that the researcher was familiar the data which was then coded in order to create emergent themes which would eventually become categorized into superordinate themes. The process was the same for each participant resulting in a table previewing the superordinate themes, sub-themes, and quotes from the transcripts to support the creation of the themes. Reflexivity: Qualitative analysis is a subjective process and IPA recognises that a researchers perspective usually affects the analysis (Golsworthy & Coyle, 2001). Having a good understanding of IPA means that the researchers personal perspective relative to the research topic is presented, to assist the readers interpret the analysis and for transparency (Elliott et al. 1999). The researchers interpretative framework has been influenced by: previous research in stress. It is also recognised that the analysis is influenced by the researchers perspective and the framework applied to understand the data. Findings: Table 2. Table of key themes Effects of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a range of different effects of stress that can stretch from physical effects to psychological effects, which were found to be a dominant effects of stress (see appendix 2 for themes and quotations). The psychological effects of stress can be seen in Iriss transcript in which she stated that:   I dont know how to put it in words, not just stress, it was the worst feeling ever. When you consider what most people go through in their lives, for her to say it was the worst feeling ever goes to show the toll stress had taken on her causing her to feel the worst she has ever felt. There is also evidence in Jessicas transcript in which she described one of her experiences in dealing with university related stress as feeling so much anxiety that it felt like she was drowning. There is also evidence in Anils transcript which reveals that he suffers from high levels of anxiety but without mention of a drowning sensation. There is further evidence of psychological effects of stress in Smokies transcript which suggest that he regularly suffers from mini breakdowns that help to motivate him to work but the motivation goes after a day or two which creates another mini breakdown due to the buildup of responsibilities. There is also evidence to suggest that the participants suffered from physiological effects as well as psychological effects. The main evidence comes from Anils transcript in which he described one effect of his university related stress that stated: My face gets lots of spots when I am feeling stress. For the effects of stress to manifest in a physical way is worrying but not uncommon, for example in Smokies transcript he revealed that he cries a lot because of university related stress. In Iriss transcript she describes an effect of university related stress by revealing that coping with all the responsibilities and stress of university makes her feel weak, which would be categorized as a physiological effect as well as a possible psychological effect due to the fact that you feel weakness rather than show it. Sources of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a variety of different sources of stress for university students which range from university work such as assignments or exams, to life after graduation. Both are considered in these participants transcripts to be dominant sources of stress. University work as a source of stress for its students is evident in all transcripts with perhaps the most evident comes from Anils transcript in which he states that: A time umm when I experienced stress the most during university is when I have a massive report due. This not only reveals one source of stress for this student to be reports set by the university but it also goes to show that this participant feels most stressed at university when set reports. This also relates to Smokies transcript in which he described his stress levels as being high when it came to deadlines which isnt that dissimilar to Anils quotation due to the fact that both feel highly stressed because of work set by the university. Further evidence can be found in Jessicas transcript in which she described her feeling of drowning in anxiety to be a result of a lack of understanding when it came to analysing data. Evidence for his future life as a source of stress for university student is evident in the transcripts but the most evident comes from Smokies transcript which stated that: teachers do things for me and like my parents do things for me, because I dont feel ready to do things for myself. Again, this not only reveals his main fear for his future life to be, but it also shows how he has got as far as he has, which is down to the support he gets from those around him. This can also be support by Jessicas transcript which described her opinion of her future life as one of confusion as to what her she would be doing in her future life and whether she would enjoy it or not. There is also evidence in Iriss transcript which reveals that she is still struggling with dealing with all the university related stress but she is hopeful that her future life will be better. Dealing with student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were several different methods of dealing with stress used by the participants ranging from the support of family and friends, to the amount of support they give themselves. Evidence of support from family and friends as a method of dealing with stress can be found in all the participants transcripts, however, the main evidence for this point comes from Iriss transcript in which she states that: My mum is always being there for me and loves me and I have had some other woman in my life, I talk to her about my problems.   This reveals evidence of support not only from her mother but also from another woman who isnt a family member but would be regarded by her as a friend that supports her. This example is not unlike Jessicas transcript in which she reveals that she uses her flatmates as a method of coping with her stress. Another example of a participant using the support of family and friends as a method of dealing with university related stress comes from Smokies transcript in which he says that he gets a lot of help from his parents and when he usually gets stressed out with university work he talks to his friends. Self-support is what a person does or doesnt do to help themselves throughout their first two years of university. Evidence from Jessicas transcription states that: I procrastinate a lot [†¦] whenever I have something to do for Uni, suddenly I get a major interest to do something else. This clearly shows the lack of self-support she gave herself which meant that instead of doing university work she would ignore her responsibilities and find something else to do. This results in a build up of responsibilities that can create an overwhelming feeling of stress and possibly cause other problems for the student according to the evidence previously discussed regarding the manifestation of psychological problems into physicals ones, for example Anil and his facial spots. More evidence for a lack of self-support can be seen is all the transcripts, for example in Smokies transcript in which he describes himself as a corner-cutter who often does things he doesnt enjoy with half of his effort even though he understands that this is one of the reasons why he gets behind on his university work creating more stress for himself. Further evidence can be found in Anil and Iriss transcripts in which they both reveal that they struggle when it comes to self-support. Anil gets stressed when he attempts to tackle problems by himself, whereas Iris goes through periods of time where she feels like she cannot deal with problems by herself. Discussion: In summation, the analysis of the data has revealed that the participants all describe their experiences of university stress in a similar manner; the effects of stress on students, sources of stress for students, and dealing with student stress. Each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each, which were the result of a variety of emergent themes that were combined and adapted to equate to the final themes in the analysis. The participants descriptions of the effects of university stress related to those described by McEwen (2000) who believed that stress began in the brain and affected all organs and muscles but none more so than the brain. Using his research combined with this experiments data means that its possible localize psychological effects of stress to the burden of chronic stress which can result in behavioral changes (smoking, excessive eating, binge drinking, little or no sleep). Physiological effects of stress can be localised using the same method in which McEwan (2000) claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. This could explain why the participants were affected the ways they were. The difficulties related to university work but more specifically; exams and assignments, can be linked to Yumatov (2001) who reported that exams can influence a strong psychological and emotional reaction in students, with feelings of stress experienced before and during, that can persist until they receive their results afterwards, with many experiencing anxiety and stress over the outcome. Gadzella(1998) argued that its the uncertainty and anxiety that is the main cause of the stress as opposed to the exam itself. The pressure of graduation as well as post graduation life is as serious source of stress as any according to the data from this experiment and is also supported by Hirsch and Ellis (1996). This could explain what the sources of the participants university stress was. The participants experience of dealing with university stress can be related to other similar cases such as Moyle and Parkes (1999) who believe that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. Without friends, students have more limited resources at their disposal to assist them in the university work as well as emotional support. An absence of friends also makes it more likely to consider dropping out (Paul & Brier, 2001). This could explain why the participants used the supportive systems they used. Using a qualitative approach provided depth and detail in that it looked deeper than analysing ranks and counts by recording attitudes, feelings and behaviours. Similar to the reason why a semi-structured interview was chosen because it allows the interviewer to be more spontaneous in their questioning without being too sporadic. That being said, there are usually fewer people are studied in qualitative report because a collection of data is generally more time consuming that quantitative data collection and therefore unless time, staff and budget allows it is generally necessary to include a smaller sample size. It also means that its difficult to generalise because fewer people are studied and its not possible to generalise results to that of the population. A qualitative report is also dependent on skills the of the researcher particularly in the case of conducting interviews, focus groups and observation. As an overall summation of this study it can be concluded that there is need for further research regarding university stress as a result of the data and previous relevant research. References Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Educational psychology, 14(3), 323-330. Brocki, J. M., & Wearden, A. J. (2006). A critical evaluation of the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in health psychology. Psychology and health, 21(1), 87-108. Dahl, C. M., & Boss, P. (2005). The use of phenomenology for family therapy research. Research methods in family therapy, 2, 63-84. Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2013). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of stress and coping in first year undergraduates. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1002-1024. Elliott, R., Fischer, C. T., & Rennie, D. L. (1999). Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields. British journal of clinical psychology, 38(3), 215-229. Fisher, S., & Hood, B. (1987). The stress of the transition to university: a longitudinal study of psychological disturbance, absent†mindedness and vulnerability to homesickness. British journal of psychology, 78(4), 425-441. Furlong, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). A skin not a sweater: Ontology and epistemology in political science. Theory and methods in political science, 184-211. Gadzella, B. M. (1994). Student-life stress inventory: Identification of and reactions to stressors. Psychological reports, 74(2), 395-402. Gadzella, B. M., Masten, W. G., & Stacks, J. (1998). Students stress and their learning strategies, test anxiety, and attributions. College Student Journal. Golsworthy, R., & Coyle, A. (2001). Practitioners accounts of religious and spiritual dimensions in bereavement therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14(3), 183-202. McEwen, B. S. (2008). Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. European journal of pharmacology, 583(2), 174-185. Paul, E. L., & Brier, S. (2001). Friendsickness in the transition to college: Precollege predictors and college adjustment correlates. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(1), 77-89. Robotham, D., & Julian, C. (2006). Stress and the higher education student: a critical review of the literature. Journal of further and higher education, 30(02), 107-117. Ross, S. E., Niebling, B. C., & Heckert, T. M. (1999). Sources of stress among college students. Social psychology, 61(5), 841-846. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2007). Pain as an assault on the self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the psychological impact of chronic benign low back pain. Psychology and health, 22(5), 517-534. Weinstein, L., & Laverghetta, A. (2009). College student stress and satisfaction with life. College Student Journal, 43(4), 1161. Yumatov, E. A., Kuzmenko, V. A., Badikov, V. I., Glazachev, O. S., & Ivanova, L. I. (2001). Emotional stress in students during examinations. Human Physiology, 27(2), 221-227. Appendix 1 Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Appendix 2 Table 2.Table of Themes, quotes, and where to find them in their transcriptions

The Effect of Uncle Toms Cabin Essay -- Uncle Toms Cabin Essays

The Effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin Seldom does a one work of literature change a society or start it down the road to cataclysmic conflict. One such catalytic work is Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). It is considered by many, one the most influential American works of fiction ever published. Uncle Tom's Cabin sold more copies than any other previous fiction title. It sold five thousand copies in its first two days, fifty thousand copies in eight weeks, three hundred thousand copies in a year and over a million copies in its first sixteen months. What makes this accomplishment even more amazing is that this book was written by a woman during a time in history women were relegated to domestic duties and child rearing and were not allowed positions of influence or leadership roles in society. Legend holds that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe in 1682 he said, "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war". The impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin did more to arouse antislavery sentiment in the N orth and provoke angry rebuttals in the south than any other event in antebellum era. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896), born Lichfeild, Connecticut, was the daughter, sister, and wife of liberal clergymen and theologians. Her father Lyman and brother Henry Ward were two of the most preeminent theologians of the nineteenth century. This extremely devout Christian upbringing, focusing on the doctrines of sin, guilt, atonement and salvation, had an undeniable impact in her writings. &nb... ... a disconnected view. Slavery was no longer a Southern issue that had no impact on the life of those in the north. Once a majority of the northern population became polarized against the institution of slavery it was only a matter of time before conflict came to a head. Differing views about the institution of slavery contributed to the growing rift between the north and south. This chasm became the American Civil War. Uncle Tom's Cabin gave a powerful and moving voice to the Abolition movement. It shook out of complacently northerners and southerners alike, and forced a nation to look within its collective soul at the horrors of slavery and moral contradictions of the institution itself. Stowe's novel demonstrates the absurdity and contradictions of slavery.

European Colonialism and Imperialism Essay -- Politics Government

How were the Europeans able to conquer and control large areas of the globe? What gave them a great advantage over other groups? The proximate cause of this advantage was their possession of guns, germs, and steel. But how is it that they possessed these things and others did not? Ultimate causes of the Europeans possession of these guns, germs, and steel could be â€Å"Divine Providence.† People at the time thought that God favored the Europeans over other groups. Another ultimate cause could have been â€Å"Scientific Racism.† Other people believed that the Europeans were genetically superior to the other regions of the world. Now, because of Jared Diamond’s thesis, we can conclude that the ultimate cause of European colonialism and imperialism was â€Å"Geographic Luck.† One of the main reasons for European colonialism and imperialism was the axis and climate zones. Having a long east-west axis results in the same climate zone and same day lengths. Crops are spread easily on an east-west axis because, moving east to west, there isn’t much change in weather. This gave Eurasia an advantage because there was a large mass of crops spread east to west. There was also a lot of fighting in that area which spread ideas and technology through the conquering of other regions. The Americas had a disadvantage because they had a long north-south axis. In a long north-south axis, there are many different climate zones. In the Americas, the groups were isolated and ideas rarely spread among one another. There were more domesticated crops in Eurasia because of this east-west axis, and in the Americas the crops were not spread as much because of the change in climate zones throughout the north-south axis. Eurasia also had a great advantage when it came to... ...very separated by the geography, but China was just one area making it easy to have only one ruler. Europe was able to conquer and control large areas of the globe because of Jared Diamond’s theory of â€Å"Geographic Luck.† God did not favor them more and their race was not genetically superior. Geographic luck is still affecting the world today. Trade is affected greatly, as well as the political unity in different countries. If everyone knew about this theory, I think the world would work together more. I think that more people would help the people who had a disadvantage because of the geography around them. Religions might also be affected if everyone knew about this theory. Some people may blame God for the way they live, but really God didn’t favor anyone. Wealth and the power in different societies that we have now I think are affected by the geography. European Colonialism and Imperialism Essay -- Politics Government How were the Europeans able to conquer and control large areas of the globe? What gave them a great advantage over other groups? The proximate cause of this advantage was their possession of guns, germs, and steel. But how is it that they possessed these things and others did not? Ultimate causes of the Europeans possession of these guns, germs, and steel could be â€Å"Divine Providence.† People at the time thought that God favored the Europeans over other groups. Another ultimate cause could have been â€Å"Scientific Racism.† Other people believed that the Europeans were genetically superior to the other regions of the world. Now, because of Jared Diamond’s thesis, we can conclude that the ultimate cause of European colonialism and imperialism was â€Å"Geographic Luck.† One of the main reasons for European colonialism and imperialism was the axis and climate zones. Having a long east-west axis results in the same climate zone and same day lengths. Crops are spread easily on an east-west axis because, moving east to west, there isn’t much change in weather. This gave Eurasia an advantage because there was a large mass of crops spread east to west. There was also a lot of fighting in that area which spread ideas and technology through the conquering of other regions. The Americas had a disadvantage because they had a long north-south axis. In a long north-south axis, there are many different climate zones. In the Americas, the groups were isolated and ideas rarely spread among one another. There were more domesticated crops in Eurasia because of this east-west axis, and in the Americas the crops were not spread as much because of the change in climate zones throughout the north-south axis. Eurasia also had a great advantage when it came to... ...very separated by the geography, but China was just one area making it easy to have only one ruler. Europe was able to conquer and control large areas of the globe because of Jared Diamond’s theory of â€Å"Geographic Luck.† God did not favor them more and their race was not genetically superior. Geographic luck is still affecting the world today. Trade is affected greatly, as well as the political unity in different countries. If everyone knew about this theory, I think the world would work together more. I think that more people would help the people who had a disadvantage because of the geography around them. Religions might also be affected if everyone knew about this theory. Some people may blame God for the way they live, but really God didn’t favor anyone. Wealth and the power in different societies that we have now I think are affected by the geography.

Social Classes and the Strains They May Cause in The Awakening by Kate

Social Classes and the Strains They May Cause in The Awakening by Kate Chopin In the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin, class structures are a significant key to some of the actions of three main characters. Leonce, who is married to Edna, is the character who goes along with the upper-class structure because he wants to be accepted by his peers. Robert, who falls in love with Edna, is too scared to go against the traditional thinking of the upper class. Finally, Edna, who is the main character in the novel, does go against her upper-class structure for her own happiness. Leonce is the typical husband; he wants to please his wife, Edna, but he also wants to be recognized by his upper-class friends. He truly does love Edna, but he treats her as though she were a child. He also thinks of Edna as his chattel. For example, at the very start of the novel, while looking at his wife like a piece of property, Leonce says, "You are burnt beyond recognition" (24). Leonce looks at her as if she were a lower- class citizen since it would be those that labor in the sun who would be "burnt" (24). During that time period, most upper-class husbands did treat their wives as if they were a valuable possession. However, Edna does not want to be looked at in a manner that gives her a sense that she is property. Edna wants to be her own person. She wants to have her own opinions about her life, without having her husband tell her whether she can or cannot think for herself. She basically ignores her husband. Margit Stange in her essay "Personal Property: Exchange Value and the Female Self in The Awakening" mentions that "what Edna Pontellier considers as her property is [. . .] her body" (277). Edna doesn’t see herself as property of h... ...es within herself; she as a flower has begun to die and wilt. She was the only person through the novel who is brave enough to think in a new way. Before Edna commits suicide, she feels that no one understood her. No one knew why she was trying to change things within her class. One reason why she does kill herself is the fact that she knows that she cannot live in such close societal boundaries. The simple way to face this reality for Edna is to just forget all together and put an end to her life. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. 1899. Ed. Nancy A. Walker. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. 2nd ed. New York: Bedford-St.Martin’s, 2000. Stange, Margit. "Personal Property: Exchange Value and the Female Self in The Awakening." The Awakening. Ed. Nancy A. Walker. Case Studies Contemporary Criticism. 2nd ed. New York: Bedford-St.Martin’s, 2000.

Once More to the Lake

During his vacation White notices that although the arrival to the lake was deferent, as well as the boats which were on the lake, the lake Itself had not changed at all. The commute to the lake had changed from what E. B. White had originally experienced as a child. The trip to the lake was now a completely new experience. Originally, getting to the lake was a long, highly anticipated Journey, starting with the train station and loading luggage onto horse buggies which would take them on a ten mile trip leading to the lake. The anticipation would grow as the carriage got closer to the lake.Coming over the last hill to see the lake and other campers cheering for your arrival was full of excitement. Now, there was no train station and there was no carriage ride. The excitement had been diminished by the newer paved road which led to within one half mile of the lake. The road now was the cause of campers to pull right up to their camp and unload in a quick amount of time and without be ing detected by fellow campers. Another change which had transpired was the updates of the camp Itself. The path to the lake was not the only one that had changed through the years.Walking three tracks in the road, but two. There used to be a middle track that was made by the horses pulling the carriages of people to dinner at the restaurant. Now, the path no longer was one for horses. Also, the store's parking lot used to be dirt and gravel, but is now paved for customers driving their cars to buy â€Å"manufactured drinks† rather than the root beer and birch beer White would buy when he was a child. Change was expected by E. B. White, but the one change he did not enjoy was the motor boats cruising across the water of the lake.Their newer designs with the outboard motors were unsettling to White and disturbed the peacefulness of the lake. The older boats had an inboard motor which was a much softer, relaxing sound which aided in the relaxation of a summer vacation. Even the way the boats were operated had changed as well. The older boats were not equipped with reverse, so landing the boat at the dock required a more sense of confidence, so you didn't crash into the dock with a speedy approach. Though there were many changes, one thing had not changed and that is the lake itself.Through all the changes E. B. White still managed to grasp the feeling that time had not really passed by because the lake remained the same to him. It is the one thing that kept people returning. The smells of the lake, the activities done by people on the lake, the fish that swam in its water, the people and the people too all had remained as White once knew it. He is fishing with his son at one point and a dragonfly lands on the end of his fishing pole and he describes that moment as if no mime had passed since he went fishing with his own dad as a boy.Even the paddle boat they were fishing from was the same color and had the same details as he remembered as if it were the e xact boat he paddled in before. One of the afternoons of their week-long stay a thunderstorm came and sent everyone returning to their camp. There White watched the storm come in Just as he had before. It was a fascinating spectacle for him to see the lightning, hear the thunder, and watch the rain fall on the lake as the storm moved on. As the storm left, people would come ace out to the lake in their swimsuits to swim in the rain. Once More to the Lake During his vacation White notices that although the arrival to the lake was deferent, as well as the boats which were on the lake, the lake Itself had not changed at all. The commute to the lake had changed from what E. B. White had originally experienced as a child. The trip to the lake was now a completely new experience. Originally, getting to the lake was a long, highly anticipated Journey, starting with the train station and loading luggage onto horse buggies which would take them on a ten mile trip leading to the lake. The anticipation would grow as the carriage got closer to the lake.Coming over the last hill to see the lake and other campers cheering for your arrival was full of excitement. Now, there was no train station and there was no carriage ride. The excitement had been diminished by the newer paved road which led to within one half mile of the lake. The road now was the cause of campers to pull right up to their camp and unload in a quick amount of time and without be ing detected by fellow campers. Another change which had transpired was the updates of the camp Itself. The path to the lake was not the only one that had changed through the years.Walking three tracks in the road, but two. There used to be a middle track that was made by the horses pulling the carriages of people to dinner at the restaurant. Now, the path no longer was one for horses. Also, the store's parking lot used to be dirt and gravel, but is now paved for customers driving their cars to buy â€Å"manufactured drinks† rather than the root beer and birch beer White would buy when he was a child. Change was expected by E. B. White, but the one change he did not enjoy was the motor boats cruising across the water of the lake.Their newer designs with the outboard motors were unsettling to White and disturbed the peacefulness of the lake. The older boats had an inboard motor which was a much softer, relaxing sound which aided in the relaxation of a summer vacation. Even the way the boats were operated had changed as well. The older boats were not equipped with reverse, so landing the boat at the dock required a more sense of confidence, so you didn't crash into the dock with a speedy approach. Though there were many changes, one thing had not changed and that is the lake itself.Through all the changes E. B. White still managed to grasp the feeling that time had not really passed by because the lake remained the same to him. It is the one thing that kept people returning. The smells of the lake, the activities done by people on the lake, the fish that swam in its water, the people and the people too all had remained as White once knew it. He is fishing with his son at one point and a dragonfly lands on the end of his fishing pole and he describes that moment as if no mime had passed since he went fishing with his own dad as a boy.Even the paddle boat they were fishing from was the same color and had the same details as he remembered as if it were the e xact boat he paddled in before. One of the afternoons of their week-long stay a thunderstorm came and sent everyone returning to their camp. There White watched the storm come in Just as he had before. It was a fascinating spectacle for him to see the lightning, hear the thunder, and watch the rain fall on the lake as the storm moved on. As the storm left, people would come ace out to the lake in their swimsuits to swim in the rain.

International Biss

‘Arrow and the apparel industry: Solved Case Study Arrow and the apparel industry Q1. Why did Arvind Mills choose globalization as the major route to achieve growth when the domestic market was huge? Ans. : The reasons of choosing global market by Arvind Mills are: 1. Market seeking motives, such as exclusiveness of product and service with high productivity, stringent in-line quality control and an encouraging manufacturing atmosphere. 2.Economic motives, such as profit making by implementing cutting edge technologies to achieve economies of scale and spreading R;D costs. etc. 3. Strategic motives, such as buying-up of sick units, departing worldwide and gaining German and US brand names. Q2. How does lifting of ‘Country-wise quota regime’ help Arvind Mills? Ans. : The lifting of ‘Country-wise quota regime’ surged a demand for high quality garments from India; while Arvind brands crossed over Rs. 60 crore in the year 2002 and planned to setup two more high tech export-oriented factories in India.And now, Arvind has the largest network of 64 outlets with 30 retail chains and 200 multi-brand outlets all over India. The current turnover of Arvind Brand is about Rs. 85 crore, which aimed to reach Rs. 100 crore with 1200-3000 outlets across 480-800 towns. Q3. What lessons can other Indian businesses learn from the experience of Arvind Mills? Ans. : Arvind Mills is one of the trademarks of Indian market, which executed diverse patterns of business. Arvind brand extended the international brands in small towns of India.Of course, many other business brands in India now follows Arvind brand. The other Indian businesses should learn a lot from Arvind Mills: international outset of market; Multi-regional integration approach; union and attainment, strategic alliances, international delegates, global network formation; changes in internal organization, etc. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Case 1:-BPO – BANE OR BOON? Which of the theories of international trade can help Indian services providersgain competitive edge over their competitors?The theory of free markets can help indian services providers gain competitive edgeover their compititors because India has got an edge over other countries at this pointof time but other nations may try to make their products look cheaper bymanipulating their currencies or by imposing restrictions on imported serviceespecially from india We need to do something like this – do something better than your competitors (either make a better product, market it better, service it better, price it cheaper, whatever). Pick up some Indian services providers.With the help of Michael Porter’sdiamond, analyze their strengths and weaknesses as active players in BPO. WNS, which was established in 1996 and transformed from a captive provider to athird-party provider in 2002, announced in December 2004 a new organizationalstructure focused on its vertical business units. The change to th e vertical focus wasmade to sharpen the company's domain expertise; develop new services andtechnologies; create superior career paths for talented managers; continue toemphasize entrepreneurship and empowerment, and win and retain business bydelivering exceptional value to its clients.The company's business units are organized into the following vertical sectors: travelservices; insurance services; financial services; enterprise services (including financialand accounting services, human resource accounting and health care processing),and knowledge services (including primary and secondary research, and analytics). Each unit is managed by a chief executive officer and has its own operating and salesteams, and draws upon support and â€Å"enabling† services across the company. â€Å"We have seen numerous tangible benefits to our decision in 2004 to more sharply focus our vertical structure,† stated Neeraj Bhargava, Group CEO. Specifically, wehave strengthened our leade rship role in the BPO industry; continued to distinguishWNS from our competitors through our differentiated strategy; maintained our recordof creating value for our key constituencies, especially customers and employees, and broadened our global perspective, thus enhancing our ability to help companies meettheir business challenges. â€Å"These developments reflect positively both on the soundness of our decision, as wellas the breadth and depth of WNS' management team, which is uniquely qualified tolead this company. â€Å"Mr. Bhargava added hat WNS' travel unit continues to be the offshore industry leaderin this segment with a dominant market share, but that â€Å"WNS' formalization of ourvertical structure clearly allowed us to devote additional resources to our non-traveloperations – especially financial services, which include mortgage and insurance. As aresult, we have strengthened our expertise and operations in each of our offerings, aswell as across the company as a whole. † Compare this case with the case given at the beginning of this chapter. Whatsimilarities and dissimilarities do you notice?Your analysis should be based onthe theories explained. Evalueserve: Based in Gurgaon, it has 650 people engaged in market research andbusiness intelligence. Nearly 45% of the company’s revenues come from math relatedprojects. Evalueserve has a research firm called Global Sourcing Now, whichspecialises in high-quality research reports. WNS: A Mumbai-based BPO, WNS has just started its KPO division for market researchwith 300 people. It operates in the knowledge services business segment and offershigh-end services such as market, investment and business research.Wipro BPO – In 2002, Wipro took a quantum jump in the BPO services by acquiring thethen Spectramind. Wipro Limited (Wipro) is engaged in the areas of information technology (IT), services,IT products and consumer care and lighting products. The Company is organized infour segments: IT services, IT products, consumer care and lighting, and others. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 (fiscal 2009), 94% of Wipro’s operatingincome was generated from its IT Services. In Fiscal 2009, IT products represented3% of its operating income, and consumer care and lighting, and others represented3% of operating income.The Company’s IT services segment provides a range of ITand IT-enabled services. In January 2009, Wipro Technologies acquired Citi Technology Services Ltd. (India), the India-based captive provider of technologyinfrastructure services (TIS), application development and maintenance services forcards, capital markets and corporate banking. Similarities: 1. Require knowledge transfer of the organization's business processes2. Involve migration of jobs (along with some people too) to another country3. Necessitated by business compulsions such as cost reduction or shortage of resources4.Technology intensive exercise/process needing a ‘global delivery model'5. Requires structured migration process to minimize the probability of failure6. ITO and BPO Partners are both affected severely by attrition in the workforceDifferences:1. Skills required in the people are different – IT requires strong technology focuswhile BPO requires strong process understanding focus2. Replacement of resources (on account of attrition) is easier and cheaper in BPOsthan ITOs3. ITO staffing strategy is to hire â€Å"trained people† whereas BPO staffing strategy aimsto â€Å"hire the crowd and train them†4.ITO results in loss of jobs to â€Å"knowledge workers† – but they don't care since theycan get plenty of jobs elsewhere; BPO results in loss of jobs to lower skilled â€Å"processworkers† – often they do not have anywhere else to go ITO – Information Technology OutsourcingBPO – Business Process Outsourcing These are two heads, ITO is bent towards technology i. e. softw are outsourcing,whereas BPO is inclined towards process outsourcing. When we say process that could be functional (admin, HR, accounts) shared by all theindustries or technical depending upon each industry and skills required.Moreover, the KPO>RPO>MPO>PPO>EPO and all the newbies are parcel of nicheindustries vis-a-vis skills required. Case 2 PERU What are some current issues facing Peru? What is the climate for doing businessin Peru today? During the 1970s, the Peruvian government nationalized a number of industries andfactories and began running them for the profit of the state in most cases, these state– run ventures became disasters. Peruvian government are facing problem with lack of advance and latest equipmentfor both locating as well as catching and then loading and unloading the fish.Peruvian government might step in during the next couple of years and again takeover the business. If this were to happen, it might take an additional decade for theloan to be repaid. If the government were to allow the fleet owner to operate thefleet the way he has over the last decade, the fleet the way he has over the lastdecade, the loan could be repaid within seven years. Peru is located on the west coast of South America What type of political risks does this fishing company need to evaluate? Identifyand describe them. Political Risk can be divided into several types of threats. Interference with operations †¢ Confiscation (they take a piece of equipment) †¢ Expropriation (they take the whole company) †¢ Nationalization (they take all the companies in a business sector) †¢ Economic instability, which effects production †¢ Currency Repatriation, not being able to get your money out †¢ Currency Inconvertibility, not being able to exchange your money for another currency of international value (yen, dollars, pounds) †¢ Contract Repudiation Persistent and deliberate refusal †¦ to honor obligations as set forth in a Contractà ¢â‚¬ ¦ What types of integrative and protective and defensive techniques can the bankuse? Some prevention techniques apply to individual banks, independently of the rest of the economy. * A bank can take deposits from depositors who do not observe commoninformation that might spark a run. For example, in the days before depositinsurance, it made sense for a bank to have a large lobby and fast service, to preventa line of depositors from extending out into the street, causing passers-by to inferthat a bank run is occurring. [1]* Banks can encourage customers to make term deposits that cannot be withdrawnon demand.If term deposits form a high enough percentage of a bank's liabilities itsvulnerability to bank runs will be reduced considerably. The drawback is that bankshave to pay a higher interest rate on term deposits. * A bank can temporarily suspend withdrawals to stop a run; this is calledsuspension of convertibility. In many cases the threat of suspension prevents the run,which m eans the threat need not be carried out. [1]* Bank regulation or other constraints can impose a reserve ratio requirement,which limits the proportion of deposits which a bank can lend ut, making it less likelyfor a bank run to start, as more reserves will be available to satisfy the demands of depositors. [5] This practice sets a limit on the fraction in fractional-reserve banking. * Full-reserve banking is the hypothetical case where the reserve ratio is set to100%. Under this approach, the risk of bank runs would be eliminated,[11] and bankswould match maturities of deposits and loans to avoid vulnerability to runs. Would the bank be better off negotiating the loan in New York or in Lima? Why?We can think like that New York Bank is in better position to do negotiation with Limain their own terms and condition. The biggest problem is that the ships are getting oldand they needs an influx of capital of make repairs and add new technology. As theyexplained it to the new York banker. â€Å"Fishing is no longer just an art. There is a greatdeal of technology involved. And to keep costs low and be competitive on the worldmarket, you have to have the latest equipment for both locating as well as catchingand then loading and unloading the fish †Case 3:RED BECOMING THICKERWhy that Coke is has not been able to make profit in its Indian operations? Coca-Cola's operations in India have come under intense scrutiny as manycommunities are experiencing severe water shortages as well as contaminatedgroundwater and soil that some assert [18] are a result of Coca-Cola's bottlingoperations. A massive movement has emerged across India to hold the Coca-ColaCompany accountable for its actions. The state of Kerala imposed a ban of colas fromthe state only to be quashed by Coca Cola; the matter is pending in the supremecourt. citation needed] The Plachimada plant in Kerala state, one of Coca-Cola'slargest bottling facilities in India, has remained shut for 17 months now becau se thevillage council has refused to renew its license, blaming the company for causingwater shortages and pollution. In the initial period of setting the business in India, the COKE was not able tomake profit fromthe Indian operation. This is due to a number of factors. †¢ The local population is not accustomed to drinking cola drinks. †¢ The market needs to be developed. †¢ The initial bottleneck was the lack of adequate network of distributors. †¢ Product distribution was weak. The poor distribution created negative impaction the market growth. †¢ Volume was low. †¢ Overheads were growing. †¢ The operation profit was negligible. Do you think that Coke should continue to stay in India? If yes, why? I would like to mention some points if in order Coke wants to continue its operation inIndia. The allegations in other ways helped Coca-Cola Company, India to show theircorporate social responsibility and to maintain good product quality standards. The initiatives all over India helped them reach villages for a good cause and alsoindirectly marketed their products with establishing a trust among the public.After allthese allegations, the CSE is still not convinced of the quality of the product. Therefore, Coca-Cola must prove that they have upgraded their lab with sophisticatedinstrument which is capable of measuring pesticide residue in soft drinks. As per therecent reports by CSE, they claim that the pesticide residue has gone up 27 timeshigher than expected level by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)Coke is facing different type of problem in which some are mention below Critical Issues/Problems:Solid waste and water issue: The communities near the bottling plant in Indiacomplained about the passage of sludge as fertilizer, causing health andenvironmental damage. The most important issue concerning these communities isthe depletion of water levels caused by the Coca-Cola bottling operations which havedrastically reduced avail ability of water for irrigation purposes. Pesticides in soft drinks: The other issue concerning human health caused by Coca-Cola is that their bottled water and soft drinks contain pesticides which were testedby the reputed NGO, CSE.Dual product standards: Coca-Cola is accused of having dual standards in terms of their products and safety measures concerning human health with respect to USA,Europe and India. Community issue: These allegations affected Coca-Cola largely with its sales and alsocaused the closure of one of their bottling plants in Kerala, India. Additionally, Coca-Cola’s products are banned in the state of Kerala, India. What cultural adaptations would you suggest to the US expatriate managersregarding their management style?A key reason for the return of expatriates before the official end of their foreignassignment is the uncertainty and frustration resulting from poor cross-culturaladaptation. The literature provides this general, normative view without much to sayabout the interpersonal conflict expatriates experience in the workplace abroadcaused by cultural differences. Our exploratory study finds that conflicts with co-workers in host countries occur frequently causing high stress and discomfort, andprovides three specific sources of conflict as recounted by sample managers.Theimplications of our findings include: selecting expatriate managers with highemotional intelligence, providing extensive pre-departure cultural training thatconsists not only of cultural facts but also interpersonal skills such as active listening,conflict management, and ethical reasoning, utilizing sensitivity training techniquesto better prepare managers for new situations, and sending the expatriate on one ortwo pre-sojourn visits to familiarize themselves with the host culture and workplacenorms even before the actual expatriate assignment begins.An additional implicationis training the host-country workers, particularly those who will work most closely w iththe expatriate manager, on home country cultural beliefs and workplace norms. Weaim to stimulate managerial thinking and further research on the workplace conflictsthat challenge expatriates managers. Using the Hofstede and the value orientations cultural models, how can youexplain some of the cultural differences noted in this case? When business consultants and professionals in the field of workplace learning and developmentdiscovered Hofstede's dimensions, applications began to emerge in many areas.The following aremerely a few examples of how the field has translated the abstract theory into a series of concreteapproaches. In expanding their market to the global level with clear and consistent global brand images acrossnations, marketers are ever confronting the issue of how to deal with different cultural values. Cultural value is identified as an influential factor on brand image and is widely accepted as one of the crucial concepts in understanding consumer consumption val ue, which determines choices of consuming everyday products and services.Most firms endeavoring to establish and maintainconsistent global brand images, however, adopt a standardized brand image strategy that usuallydoes not consider individual target markets characteristics, including the concepts of cultural valueand consumption value. This study developed a conceptual framework which incorporated culturalvalue not only as a direct antecedent of brand image, but also as an indirect antecedent of brandimage through consumption value, and empirically tested it using the category of apparel.Following this framework, this study hypothesized the differences in brand image, cultural value,and consumption value between the U. S. and South Korea. Data were gathered through surveying university students residing in the San Francisco and Seoul metropolitan areas using a conveniencesampling method. A total of 329 completed questionnaires were used in factor analysis,discriminant analysis, an d structural equation modeling. The results provide insights intostandardized brand image strategies and suggest some implementable tools that might proveeffective in both countries.Case 4THE ABB PBS JOINT VENTURE IN OPERATIONWhere does the joint venture meet the needs of both the partners? Where does itfall short? â€Å"One of the most common instances that encourage learning and sharing is culturaldifferences. In the case study involving the ABB PBS Joint Venture the two companiesfound it rather difficult to understand certain cultural differences. These differencesexisted because the managers and employees of the venture were from the post-communist country of the Czech Republic and were new to the structure of a freemarket economy.The venture had a difficult time interacting and understanding theculture of the European nations that they were conducting business with. To facilitatelearning and knowledge the managers of the venture had to change the mentality of employees and dev elop ways to motivate them to reach the goals of the company. (â€Å"The ABB PBS Joint Venture in Operation†)† What lessons one can draw from this incident for better management of technology transfers? Technology transfer is the process of developing practical applications for scientificresearch.It is a term used to describe a formal transfer of rights to use andcommercialize new discoveries and innovations resulting from scientific research toanother party. It is, regrettably, not uncommon to find big companies and major industrial concernsin the developed countries turning a blind eye to the ethical questions when it comesto technology transfer. The need to show profits, the desire to please shareholdersand the compulsion to transfer technology to the South, whatever the outcome, haveblurred the vision and concept of fight and wrong. Mahatma Gandhi said the solution in India is not mass production, but production bythe masses.Mass production by organized industry has brought in sophisticatedtechnology and militant trade unions, and has been one of the major factors formigration from the rural to the urban areas. The establishment of small scaleindustries, and better facilities for the rural workers, will ease the tension in the citiesand reduce migratory pressures – but it will mean less profits. This ill-conceived approach has almost destroyed indigenous institutions. Thetechnology input from the developed countries should have strengthened,supplemented and supported the existing, proven structures instead of replacingthem.It has increased dependency on the outside, for spare parts, for expertise and forconsultation, thus controlling and co-opting rather than decentralizing anddisseminating. People forget that what is best and most sophisticated could easily bea ball bearing on bullock cart wheels, or a simple set of hand tools for villageblacksmiths. ——————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form Search History: Searching†¦ Result 00 of 00 00 results for result for ? p.

Hyundai Case Study Essay

Part I Overview 1. Time Context Mr. Muhammad Soeparno was appointed by thegovernment of Indonesia to succeed Mr. Lumenta as President Director of GarudaIndonesia Airways on January 6, 1988. He had to announce his decision in frontof his head quarter’s employees during the monthly flag raising ceremony heldon the 17th of each month. Thus, the problem has to be solved on the 17thJanuary, 11 days after his inauguration. 2. Viewpoint From the first place, the problem was aroused fromthe new President Director of the company. And the person who has the abilityand authority to solve the problem was Mr. Muhammad Soeparno. 3. Major Policy Statement Garuda Indonesia Airways was an airline company. Itwas the first airline company in Indonesia and was reported as the biggest inthe Southern Hemisphere. And since it was owned by the government of Indonesia,its basic goal is to support the success of the development of airtransportation and tourism of the country. 4. Background of the Case Garuda Indonesia Airways was able to operate infull swing March 1, 1950 since the historical time an aircraft bearing theIndonesian flag crossed the skies carrying the name of Indonesian Airway. Itsflight network continued to expand encompassing all of Indonesia, Singapore,Bangkok, manila and was able to establish routes reaching Europe and Tokyo. Garuda continued to grow and gradually beganreplacing their propellered aircraft with full jets. In 1960’s, Garuda had beenthe only airline operating the domestic routes. However, such monopoly positionhad failed to help the company to grow because the Indonesian economy had beendeteriorating during that decade. In 1966, the New Order Government took over Garuda(Soekarno) as it was going through difficult times and was unable to contributetowards national development. The result was a sustained period of high growthin the economy. The oil boom in the early 1970’s generated a highereconomic growth for Indonesia and for this in turn sustained passengers growthfor Garuda. In 1979, the improvement works are done on runways in majorairports (Supono). And by this time, Garuda experienced another breakdownbecause of its poor services and coincidence of almost simultaneous delivery ofairbuses and a decline to the number of passengers. And these problems wereresolved partly on 1984 (Lumenta). 5. Environment Analysis A. SWOT Analysis Strengths  · Garuda Indonesiamonopolizes the use of jets  · It wasproclaimed as the biggest airline in the Southern Hemisphere  · It has twosubsidiary companies, one providing airline catering in the three majorairports in Indonesia and the other running a chain of resort hotels.  · Garuda wasconsidered that has much below rates that offered by Asia’s more popularairlines like Singapore, Thai International, Japan or Cathay Pacific. Weaknesses  · Systems in allaspects: sales, preparation, flight, supervisory  · The risk ofhaving the magnitude of the debt servicing  · Inefficiency ofits international operations  · The company’sorganization is still unsteady that makes the organizational behaviorincompetent in supporting the company Opportunities  · Political willof the government in tourism  · The still-abundant-availableseat capacity  · The economicgrowth of Indonesia Threats  · The moreincreasing competition  · The uncertaineconomic situation  · The bureaucracywhich still caused problems in managing company professionalism B. CompetitorAnalysis The directcompetitors of Garuda are Singapore, Thai International, Japan and CathayPacific Airlines. These airlines are more popular than Garuda and offer alittle higher cost than Garuda. They render services better. 6. Present Company Departmental Plans A. Product Planningand Development- expansion of flight network and improvement works on airportsand runways B. Market Planning-it serves for all passengers C. FinancialPlanning- no definite financial planning presented D. ProductionPlanning- it acquires new equipments and aircrafts by buying E. ManpowerPlanning- good performance of the staff F. Organizationalplanning- good implementation of strategies Part II Problem Resolution 1. Background of the Problem It was in 1981 that Garuda proclaimed as thebiggest airline in the Southern Hemisphere and has reported a net loss of U.S.$ 46 million for the year ended December 1983 leaving Mr. R.A.J. Lumenta, thenew President of Garuda, debts amounting to U.S. $ 1.3 billion at 12% interestper annum. Mr. Lumenta adopted a strategic thinking in making plans to turn thecompany’s situation around including Garuda’s lack of competitiveness inservice, visibility and distribution. And so, he almost did, and then he was replacedby Mr. Mohammad Soeparno. 2. Statement of the Problem How would Mr. Mohammad Soeparno maintain Mr.Lumenta’s eager in resolving the company’s problem which would enhance thecompany’s ability to deal with the challenges it may face during his term andbeyond? 3. Statement of Objectives The company, after addressing the root problemshould achieve and expect the following objectives: a. To improveGaruda Indonesia’s internal control especially in policy of setting a newmanagement team of the company. b. To develop thecompany’s plans in addressing the maintenance stability of the company. c. To be moreresponsive to the market demands and to be adept to adapting those changes. d. To keep ahead ofthe competition intoday’s age of modern air travel. 4. Areas of Consideration The areas of consideration in solving the probleminclude the history of the company’s management and their standing under eachmanagement, the outside environment of the company and their competitors. 5. Alternative Courses of Action A. Mr. Mohammad Soeparnoshould continue the policies what Mr. R.A.J. Lumenta has contributed as aresponse to the increasing uncertainties of the company. B. Mr. MohammadSoeparno should formulate a new set of policies for the company to attest hisworth as the new president of the company. C. Mr. MohammadSoeparno should decline from the position. 6. Analysis of the Alternatives A. Continuation ofthe Policies Advantages  · There is a less possibilityof risk because the policies are proven to be effective.  · Mr. Soeparnowould be tested to flexibility since the policies were not his own.  · The policieswere already given the company a good response on the uncertainties in and outof the company. Disadvantages  · The existingpolicies might not be successful to be carried out by Mr. Soeparno.  · There might be agap between his understanding about the policies and the understanding of theperson who originally formulated them. B. Formulation ofNew Policies Advantages  · Mr. Soeparnowould prove that he was worth of the position he was given.  · Formulation ofnew set of policies means that there is a chance of gaining more respect fromthe company organization. Disadvantages  · The new set ofpolicies might not be effective as the old policies the company currently has.  · The company wasnot ready to for new set of policies. C. Declining fromthe Position Advantages  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel less responsibility in the company’s fate.  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel not pressured. Disadvantages  · Mr. Soeparnoshows that he is not competitive and not worthy of the position.  · Mr. Soeparnowould feel disappointment from the organization. 7. Decision Statement After analyzing the alternative courses of actionpresented above, it showed that the best was the first alternative. It isbecause aside from it generates more advantages than the others, it also showsthat the company has already been attached to it and the result was not onlygood but better. The existing policies managed the company to stand again fromits depression. The other two alternatives were also be solutions but they areonly getting the company into risk again. Part III Implementation Program 1. Action Plans A. Long-term ActionPlans a. Garuda’simprovement in implementing its strategy regarding its structure, system, style (leadership), staff andskill. b. Garudahas to keep up with the changes in the internel and external environment. B. Short-termAction Plans a. Sustenance of the policies to maintain theproductivity of the company. b. Improvement ofsome of the policies for more enhancement of the company’s productivity as awhole. 2. Proposed CompanyOperational Plans A. Product Planningand Development- periodically infrastructure improvements for better services B. Market Planning-it serves for all passengers and reach for them perfectly with high hospitality C. FinancialPlanning- sells theunproductive assets D. ProductionPlanning- it acquires new equipments and aircrafts by buying E. ManpowerPlanning- good training system will be conducted regularly for better outcomesfrom customers and organization F. Organizationalplanning- better implementation of the policies and strategies of the company 3. Other Problems and Proposed Solutions Other Problems Proposed Solutions Employee/Staff-Customer Relationship Garuda should have a good training system and have some strength in increasing customer satisfaction. Domestic Airline Competition Indonesia people still look at â€Å"price† as a determinant variable. So the lower price strategy that has been implemented by its competitor, the new comer firm could disturb Garuda market. Garuda could loose its loyal customer. So strategy that must be done by Garuda is by improving its quality service. Securiry Issue Garuda have to respond to the terrorist attacks by improving procedures and aircraft security to help restore travelers’ confidence. Even, it means price, but it is very useful for Garuda’s future. Safety and security is the most important thing that are needed by the passenger. Part1 Overview 1. Time Context The problem has to besolved in the year 1989. 2. Viewpoint Mr. Chung Ju Yung theowner of the Hyundai group has the ability and authority to solve the companyproblem. 3. Major PolicyStatement The Hyundai group featuredas one of the principal engines of the Korean economic miracle in the past twodecades. The Hyundai group makes a wide range of products- ships, bridges,cars, cement, steel and etc. They do not only prosper there in Korea but alsoin Middle East. They even gained praises from New York Times correspondent. 4. Background ofthe Case Company Hyundai Company wasfounded by Chung Ju Yung in 1967 and immediately partnered with the ford motorcompany to produce the Cortina compact car in 1968. Hyundai focused onmanufacturing quality economy cars and began exporting excel to the Unitedstates in 1986. Today Hyundai consistently ranks among the top quality importcars in the U.S. Hyundai group manufacture products such as ships,bridges, buildings, cars, cement, steel, chemicals, oil drilling platforms,microchips, sneakers, pipes, furniture and locomotives. In early 1980’s hedecided to make Hyundai a factor in the electronics industry, focusing at firston production of semiconductors. Later Hyundai become the largest automobilemanufacturer in Korea. For Hyundai to grow as an extension of its founder’spersonality it is not surprising that the management style in the organizationhad always been authoritarian. Industry Hyundai group covered all kinds of industry. Itis involved in ship building, construction of bridges, cars, otherinfrastructure, steel, cements, oil drilling platforms and even manufacturingof microchips and became the largest enterprise in South Korea. Management Theprojects and activities of Hyundai is headed by its owner Mr. Chung Ju Yung andmanaged by his surviving son Mr. Chung Mong Ku. It is also said that part ofthe private enterprises in Korea are open to the government, thus the presidentis also responsible for the management of Korea. 5. Environmental Analysis a. SWOT analysis Strengths 1. Strong Domestic Market 2. Good Quality of products 3. Cheap labor cost Weaknesses 1. Poor management style 2. Making poor investment decision Opportunities Middle East warm welcome to Hyundai gives them a good start in international business. The Government sees Hyundai with a good impression. Threats 1. The competitors of Hyundai have grown rapidly forthe past year. b. Competitor analysis The competitors ofHyundai Group are Samsung electronics and Lucky Gold star which had made asuccessful transition to large scale chip production. Hyundai Electronicsperformance had been a disappointment, losing $11.9 million. Rivals have largeelectronics subsidiaries. Another competitor of Hyundai is the Daewoo. Daewoois the supplier of the successful leading edge computer. 6. Present CompanyDepartmental Plans a. ProductPlanning and Development The Hyundai groupplanning to put their products to the construction of buildings. To Korea or toother countries. b. MarketPlanning The plan is designatedto domestic and foreign country. c. FinancialPlanning The financial is comefrom in the land of Chung Ju Yung. And from the help of the other business manwho helped him. d. ProductionPlanning Hyundai company doesnot only focus on production of cars but also other projects such as governmentconstruction of bridges, cars, ship building, other infrastructure, steel,cement, oil drilling platforms and even manufacturing of microchips. e. ManpowerPlanning Hyundai company hasseparate workers for car manufacturing for road construction. f. Organizational Planning Hyundai company isowned by Mr. Chung Ju Yung and managed by his surviving son Mr. Chung Mong Ku. Part2 ProblemResolution 1. Background of the problem The problem of HyundaiGroup was deemed to start in 1987 when it has experienced a loss of 11.9million dollars. They have invested in Silicon Valley project which was seen tobe a loss even at its proposition. Hyundai tried to jump to the productionsophisticated one-megabit dynamic random access memory chips instead ofpursuing the market for 256K. They are said to be not fully committed to hightechnology. They only see semiconductors just as an accessory but not assomething to be done because competitors are doing it. 2. Statement of the Problem Whatchanges in management style should the top management adopt to satisfy theneeds of the workers on strike and so as to break the series of uprising?3. Statement of Objectives Hyundai Group of companies would like to: Ø Ceasethe uprising of the employees of Hyundai Group. Ø Toregain the trust of the public to the firm especially to its chairman Mr.Chung. Ø Toget back the shattered hope of peace and unity among all nations that wascaused by Hyundai’s unpeaceful solution to the conflict. 4. Areas of Consideration  · In Korea, the private sector played animportant role in Korea’s economic development. They are interdependent with anumber of other forces such as government, economic and non economic factors. -Fulleighty percent of Korea’s economy is open and heavily dependent on theinternational economy. 5. Alternative Courses of Action Ø TheHyundai top management should amend their present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadershipto another style which is more employee-friendly. Ø Hyundaishould just give the employees the increase in wage that they are demanding. Ø Fullydetach Hyundai from the government influences. 6. Analysis of Alternatives 1. The Hyundai topmanagement should amend their present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadership toanother style which is more employee-friendly. Advantages:  · This would improve the relationship ofthe employee and the management subsequently. The daunting ways of the chairmanto the people will be eliminated.  · The trust and the confidence of theemployee of Hyundai would be recaptured by the management. Disadvantages:  · This would require great adjustment tothe part of employees also because almost all of the companies in Korea followauthoritarian type of management. 2. Hyundai should justgive the employees the increase in wage that they are demanding. Advantages:  · This alternative would terminate theuprising of the employees abruptly.  · This would create a better image for thecompany immediately. Disadvantages:  · The company is not sure if they cansuffice the financial needs if they would provide the increase in wages.  · This act will only tolerate theemployees. They will think that with a strike, they can easily get what theywant from the management. 3. Fully detach Hyundaifrom the government influences. Advantages:  · Hyundai will be free in deciding fortheir own.  · No one will hinder decision of themanagement Disadvantages:  · Hyundai will lose financial support  · Hyundai will lose much of its projects Decision statement Thebest alternative is alternative # 1.The Hyundai top management should amendtheir present â€Å"authoritarian† style of leadership to another style which ismore employee-friendly. In this way, the company would not require to spendmuch money but it would change its imageto the employees. Most of the time, the management forgot the needs andcapacity of the people. Now if they will try another style of leadership whichunderstands their employees. The employees would feel that they are loved andrespected by their management so theywill love and appreciate the work that they are doing. Part3 IMPLEMENTATIONPROGRAM 1. Action Plan †¢ Long-term Action Plans Tochange the management style of Hyundai so as to change its image to the publicand its employees. This way Hyundai will be able to regain its reputation tothe market. †¢ Short-Term Action Plans To stopthe uprising temporarily by the help of the government. The deployment of powerby the government will create an effect that would stop the uprising. 2.Proposed Company Operation Plans Product Planning and Development- Studies show that it’s muchbetter if Hyundai would focus on a certain venture and develop it. Market Planning They established good name in theMiddle East so it is better if they expand to another foreign country andestablish a new market there. Financial Planning Since they experience loss frompast, it is advisable for Hyundai to loan in banks. Production Planning Proper training should be givento the people in production department to come up with good quality products.  · Manpower Planning The management should know how toreinforce their employees. One of which is giving incentives and benefits.  · Organizational Planning Previousmanagement would still be the future component of organization. Other Problems and Proposed Solution Other Problem Solution  · The diversified needs and wants of employees Conduct survey or questionnaires regarding the employees wants and complaints about the management.