Biblical And Mythological Allusions Of Moby Dick - 851 Words

Moby-Dick is Herman Melville’s masterpiece, a purposeful novel that acts both as a documentary of a sea voyage but also a philosophical allusion on life as a whole. Moby-Dick is far beyond its time in reference to its use of allusion within its text. In this novel, Herman Melville frequently uses biblical and mythological allusions. With these strategic allusions, the reader is able to begin to understand the topics of discussion within the book and is also exposed to the wisdom and potential knowledge Melville possesses. Melville uses many Biblical and mythological references in the form of character stories, which I found beneficial in helping interpret the texts meaning (Howard, 27). This paper will discuss the Biblical and Mythological allusions that Melville’s use in Moby-Dick in the hopes to develop a deeper understanding of the issues Melville was hoping to address. An Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a well-known person, place, thing, cultural, hist orical, or literary work (Delahunty, 24). As Described by Andrew Delahunty in the Oxford Dictionary of Reference and Allusion, allusions form a colorful extension to the English language, drawing on our collective knowledge of literature, mythology, and the Bible to help us connect and interpret literature (26). Though an allusion is used to reference something significant, it does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it is referring too. Writers often use allusions as just a passing commentShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Death of Identity in DeLillos White Noise2934 Words   |  12 Pageslie within Orest Mercators name. Orest may take his first name from Orestes, the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who avenged his fathers death by killing his mother and her lover. The Classical allusion repositions Orest as a mythological origin who blends both Greek myth and Biblical allusions (by returning to Eden and confronting the serpent) with his indeterminate lineage. The binary extends to the quasi-palindromic nature of his name, beginning and ending with or. This is different

Essay on Censorship in Schools is not Justifiable - 959 Words

Censorship in School is Not Justifiable Walt Whitman once said, â€Å"The dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.† Between the years 2000 and 2009 a total of 3200 books were challenged in school libraries in an attempt to expurgate, or censor, the content in books provided to students. Today the trend of censorship continues as popular novels such as The Hunger Games, The Fault in Our Stars, and Captain Underpants are censored from schools across the nation (Challenges by Reason).Censorship in regards to literature refers to the examination and suppressing of a book because of objectionable material. The process of censorship in school libraries often begins with an outspoken parent, teacher, student, or administrator and ends in the†¦show more content†¦Heinrich Heine states, â€Å"Wherever they burn books they will also, in the end, burn human beings.† Restricting the discussion of new and controversial ideas rather than tolerating and acknowledging the presence of new and controversial ideas is causing more pain than it is worth in the school setting. The idea of censoring reality from school libraries is unreasoned, yet that is exactly what pro-censorship individuals advocate. The discussion and knowledge of new, controversial, and necessary ideas among students is restricted due to censorship. Censorship in school libraries allows teachers, administrators, peers and their parents to decide what a student may or may not read based on their opinion. Opinion is variable between different groups of people within the school; therefore, a single person or a small group of people cannot be trusted to make decisions on the behalf of a larger group. Kekla Magoon argues, â€Å"That no one person can be trusted to censor material, individuals can choose to be exposed to.† Expurgation, banning, and abridgement of books are not allowing students to learn how to guard themselves from topics they do not personally believe in. Students would benefit much more if they practiced self-censorship rather than depending on adults to make decisions for them. AShow MoreRelated The Controversy Around Banning Books Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages The subject of censorship is a very controversial one, especially the banning of books. Many people believe they must protect themselves and others from the quot;evilsquot; of many classic books and works of art because they can be deemed quot;indecentquot; in one way or another. Many believe that this is absurd and censorship in its current form is a violation of our First Amendment right to free speech. Personally, I align myself with the latter, however I do feel there are occasions whereRead MoreThe Controversy Around Banning Books889 Words   |  4 Pagessubject of censorship is a very controversial one, especially the banning of books. Many people believe they must protect themselves and others from the evils of many classic books and works of art because they can be deemed indecent in one way or another. Many believe that this is absurd and censorship in its current form is a violation of our First Amendment right to free speech. Personally, I align myself with the latter, however I do feel there are occasions where censorship is justifiable. TheRead MoreThe Importance Of Media Censorship1013 Words   |  5 Pagesis n ot only justifiable but essential the public is provided with immediate, accurate and uncensored information. Media censorship has become a greater deal now than it ever was in centuries, because of globalization and the increasing interdependence among other nations has made censorship more harm than any good. Censorship often prevents other perspectives and point of views from being presented and in censorship or censored media and not everyones voices hurt.Media censorship limits a personsRead MoreOn January 1, 2016, The Institute Of Contemporary History1736 Words   |  7 Pageshad to contend with a lot of criticism due to their strong censorship of Mein Kampf. According to one commentator, letting people read the book and make their mind meditate upon its content could do more to fight fascism rather than strict censorship (Horn). Unfortunately, not many governments view censorship in this light. In the current digital age, it is extremely hard to completely block the distribution of any book. In fact, censorship often raises the curiosity of the public, leading to an evenRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By F. Montag1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe expression of ideas is an irrefutable facet of human nature that cannot be stripped away due to the fact that it does not conform to the expectations of society. This idea of censorship impedes the freedom and expression of individuals and dilutes the presence of divergent cultures and beliefs. It is ubiquitous in different forms of media, including books and technology, which leads to the perceived protection from dangerous notions or exposure to outside ideas. As a result of these fears andRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe scientific research grew and developed into theories like the Big Bang and evolution, though primarily in places where such progress was tolerated. The state of Tennessee in 1925 was not such a place. In the town of Dayton in Tennessee, a high school biology teacher was found to be in violation of a recently passed law, the Butler Act, because he taught the theory of evolution in his classroom. The debate that ensued has yet to be resolved, what with the modification of creationism into the theoryRead More Media Violence Essay1860 Words   |  8 Pagesmurders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television by the time he or she has completed sixth grade. In further studies it was determined that by the time that same child graduates from high school he or she will have spent 22,000 hours watching television, twice as many hours as he or she has spent in school (Bru no 124). In a study by the Centers for Disease Control, published by the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), it was shown that homicide rates had doubled between the introductionRead MoreViolence in Entertainment and Its Effect on Society Essay1985 Words   |  8 Pagesmurders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television by the time he or she has completed sixth grade. In further studies it was determined that by the time that same child graduates from high school he or she will have spent 22,000 hours watching television, twice as many hours as he or she has spent in school (Bruno 124).brbrIn a study by the Centers for Disease Control, published by the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), it was shown that homicide rates had doubled between theRead More The Ethics of Internet Filtering in China Essay3623 Words   |  15 Pages Introduction Based upon the aforementioned acts of government intervention of web filtering and censorship by the Chinese government, if anything even remotely resemble that kind of censoring were to take place in the United States, there would be an outcry of unprecedented proportion. Based upon the Western values of freedom, such an invasive form of web filtering which amounts to censorship would certainly be deemed an act of immorality by the government. However, before we immediate jumpRead MoreAnalysis Of Aunt Chip And The Great Triple Creek Dam Affair1896 Words   |  8 Pages  In most present-day societies, people have the freedom to read and think what they wish without censorship or restrictions. It is these very freedoms that allow the people of a society to explore the works of others and later accept them or criticize them with the thoughts that belong uniquely to them. Should a society lose the freedom of doing such things, could prove to be dangerous by tipping the scales of power where it would be unfavorable to a significant portion of the population. People

Efficiency and Safety of Vaccination-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Efficiency and safety of vaccination in the pediatric population. Answer: Introduction: There are various different reasons behind the onset of medical adversities; however, the communicable diseases pose the most threatening of the medical adversities that pose the biggest and most critical to overcome challenge. There is a vast variety of different communicable diseases, and most of them contribute to the increasing mortality rates and co-morbidity in different age groups, although it has to be mentioned that the most of the detrimental impact of the communicable diseases is imparted on the health and wellbeing of the children. The annual rates of the pediatric mortality rate due to different communicable diseases are extremely high in this particular sector, and that is the reason the vaccination activity is the most emphasized for the pediatric populations (Al-Salem et al. 2012). The vaccines can be defined as one of the greatest achievements of the medical science and health care in general that has effectively revolutionized the heath care delivery when it comes to the communicable disease outbreaks. Now it has to be mentioned that the roles that vaccination has played is great; when considering the communicable outbreaks that have been endemic and epidemic scale in the absence of any sound intervention strategy like smallpox, polio, measles, rubella, and many more; and almost all of the mentioned communicable diseases outbreaks have the highest risk of targeting the pediatric populations. Hence, in order to implement a preventative strategy that can effectively decrease the alarmingly increasing mortality rates in the pediatric and neonatal population the vaccination procedure has a global emphasis on the pediatric population, and the strategy has been effective as well (Baggs et al. 2011). Although it has to be understood in this context that the vaccinat ion procedures have a lot of risks associated as well and if a strong safety and efficiency protocol in place, there can be many severe consequences that can potentially threaten the health and wellbeing of the children receiving the vaccination. This assignment will attempt to explore the need for safety and efficacy in vaccination and the procedures in place in the pediatric population emphasizing on the Saudi Arabian demographic context. Need For Safety and Efficiency: According to the Black et al. (2010), the vaccination procedure is designed and implemented in the hopes of providing mostly the children population, with a few adult vaccination exceptions, in order to provide acquired immunity against a few selective communicable infections. There are different types of vaccines that provide differential immunity and the type and dosage of the vaccination depends on the need of the recipient as per the age group that the individual must have. However, regardless of the type of vaccination pr the dosage of the vaccination that is being administered, the procedure must follow a meticulous and detailed safety protocol for the vaccines to be effective and avoid any chances of contamination and infection (Buttery et al. 2011). It has to be mentioned in this context that the safety procedures that are implemented for the vaccination procedures are multi- dimensional, and the safety and efficiency checking procedures are carried out in both the manufacturing- licensing phase and while in the health care facility as well. There are different authorative bodies that direct control and monitor the safety and efficacy of the different vaccines and dosage specifications and the centre for disease control and prevention or the CDC can be considered the most effective one. It has to be mentioned that the safety and efficacy of the vaccines are a serious concern in the public health scenario as there are many adverse effects that are associated will ill- controlled vaccination procedure implemented to the children. One prime example of the adverse effect of overwhelming impact of too many vaccines with too much dosage has a possible impact on development of autism and similar developmental disorders in the pediatric population. Hence, the efficiency and the relevance of the vaccines are meticulously checked and evaluated before it is even released in the market by the authorative bodies. However only checking the efficiency is nowhere near enough as the most of the threat to the children when it comes to faulty vaccination procedure is the safety protocol implemented in the vaccine administration procedure in the health care facility (Gee et al. 2011). According of a recent statistics the phenomenon of safe immunization process can be considered still a massive concern for the developing countries. There are major concerns that the emerging nations are facing when it comes to safe and effective immunization procedure, they are, right vaccine composition, handling, scheduling and administering the vaccines or injections, and the surveillance and evaluation of the vaccines being administered to the pediatric patients. Along with that, it has to be mentioned in this context that the safe waste disposal during the vaccine administration procedure, according to a recent statistics there are closely 1 billion injections administered annually on the patients for the immunization procedure. And along with that the unsafe injection administration is a regular event that occurs routinely in the developing nations and leads to many health adversities for the patient population. Hence, it can be mentioned here that the developing countries, ho wever very little are attempting the need for safe and effective monitoring on the vaccine administration procedure (Glanz et al. 2011). Safety practices in vaccine administration in Saudi Arabia: The country under emphasis in the vaccine administration safety review assignment is Saudi Arabia, and it has to be mentioned in this context that the nation has successfully achieve tremendous accomplishments in the sector for basic immunization coverage. In addition, the country has been able to successfully achieve the same by the means of a series of structured vaccination programs carried out in a well controlled a connected network of primary health care centres (Lee et al. 2011). However, there has been a brewing consensus regarding the safety of the programs both in design and implementation procedure mostly due to the lack of effective surveillance framework or program in the remote areas. In a pilot study, the incidence of adverse effects after immunization has been studies after the different vaccination programs that have been carried out on children aged 6 and lower. And hence it has to be mentioned in this context that in case of the DTP vaccination, which is the most c ommon and most abundantly administered vaccine in the pediatric populations can be the fact that the rate for adverse effects after immunization or AEFI are alarmingly high in the remote and rural areas. The incidence rate of the AEFI depended heavily upon the age of the child, vaccine preparation, clinical setting involved and the dosage schedule of the vaccination involved (Memish et al. 2013). It has to be mentioned in this context that the increase in the rte of adverse events after immunization is intricately linked with the different factors and the most of the adverse events occurred in the children during the first twenty four to forty eight hours of the vaccine administration. Despite the regular vaccination safety administration procedures the statistics of adverse events associated with the different kinds of adverse events associated with the vaccination process in Saudi Arabia is more than 90%. Elaborating more, close to more than 80% of the adverse events were discovered to be local reactions after the vaccine administration and along with that systemic reactions were reported soon after in the recipients in the 79% of the recipients. Fever has been discovered as the most crucial adverse event associated with the faulty and unsafe vaccination procedure closely followed by systemic reactions like vomiting, hypotonicity and irritation. Along with that, few of the studies focusing on the vaccination safety scenario of Saudi Arabia has also revealed the prevalence of behavioral reactions after the vaccination and the percentage of these long term reactions are almost more than 40%. There it can be concluded based on the statistical data represented above that the safety situation of vaccination procedure is in dire need of reform and the condition is worsening in case of the remote and rural areas (Al-Qatari 2010). Challenges and recommendations: In order to address the alarming condition of the vaccination safety and efficacy monitoring and implementation in the Saudi Arabia, it is crucial to discover all the different challenges associated with this situation. Now elaborating on the challenges it is also extremely important to explore and evaluate all the contributing factors associated with this situation so that a interventional strategy can be designed that can address all the challenges and successfully overcome the said challenges. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned that the most of the incidence rate in the pediatric population of AEFI has been reported in the remote areas where the health care delivery is limited and there is a significant lack of any surveillance and monitoring body overlooking the safety protocol compliance in the above mentioned demographic. it has to be mentioned in this context that the compliance rate to the vaccination safety procedures in place for Saudi Arabia primary health care fac ilities in the urban areas are much higher than what is observed in the rural or remote areas (Al-Qatari 2010). Hence, two of the most important contributing factors behind the present alarming condition are the lack of compliance rate and any surveillance or monitoring body in the remote areas overlooking the lack of compliance and care quality. Another very important factor that has been discovered in this context is the lack of knowledge and training in the existing staff in the remote areas in regards to the new and effective vaccination safety or safe vaccine administration activities that is being utilized globally. According to the Rehmani and Memon (2010), the most of training procedure and professional development programs are held in the urbanized clinical settings and hence the already understaffed facilities in the remote areas do not get the opportunity to adapt to the innovative safety techniques and protocols and hence the rate of ADFI keeps escalating. Lastly, the la ck of effective government initiative cannot be ignored in this discussion as well. It has to be mentioned that the lack of infrastructure in the rural areas are another grave contributing factor behind the escalating issue. A few recommendations that the Saudi Arabian health care authorities can atke into consideration in order to improve the present situation are: First and foremost, there is need for a strong and strict surveillance framework that will overlook the safety handling and administration procedure of the vaccines, and along with that, care needs to be taken to ensure that the remote areas are being regularly monitored as well for compliance to the protocols in place (Tse et al. 2012). Secondly, the lack of skills and training in the existing nursing staff also needs to be taken into consideration along with the low staffing situation in the primary health care facilities in the rural areas when compared to the urbanized regions (Weber et al. 2013). Training and professional development program involving the global authorities, executed in all the remote areas will eventually help the health care staff acquire better competence in handling and administering vaccines safely and effectively (Yih et al. 2011). Lastly, there is need for effective and collective efforts being invested from both the national government and the global health acre improvement authorities so that staffing and infrastructure of these regions can be improved and the children are no longer in risk for vaccine safety related health adversity (Yousif et al. 2013). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it has to be mentioned that there are various concerns and issues with the safety and efficiency maintenance of the vaccinations that are being implemented in the pediatric population. In addition, the most of the adverse situation is in case of the developing nations. This assignment effectively discussed the challenges and issues prevalent in this are taking the assistance of the Saudi Arabian context, although the scenario is very similar in all pf the developing nations. Hence, there is need for a more effective and innovative surveillance and monitoring coupled with adequate staffing and training, which can attempt to address the concerns that are prevalent in this issue as discussed. And with co-operative and collaborative efforts invested from all kinds of national and global authorities, these challenges can be hoped to be overcome. References: Al-Qatari, G., 2010. Vaccination Practice in Saudi Arabia: Is It Safe?. Al-Salem, A.H., Kothari, M.R., AlHani, H.M., Oquaish, M.M., Khogeer, S.S. and Desouky, M.S., 2012. Safety of intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine for neonates in Eastern Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal,33(2), pp.172-176. Baggs, J., Gee, J., Lewis, E., Fowler, G., Benson, P., Lieu, T., Naleway, A., Klein, N.P., Baxter, R., Belongia, E. and Glanz, J., 2011. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: a model for monitoring immunization safety.Pediatrics,127(Supplement 1), pp.S45-S53. Black, S., Eskola, J., Siegrist, C.A., Halsey, N., MacDonald, N., Law, B., Miller, E., Andrews, N., Stowe, J., Salmon, D. and Vannice, K., 2010. Importance of background rates of disease in assessment of vaccine safety during mass immunisation with pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines.The Lancet,374(9707), pp.2115-2122. Buttery, J.P., Danchin, M.H., Lee, K.J., Carlin, J.B., McIntyre, P.B., Elliott, E.J., Booy, R., Bines, J.E. and PAEDS/APSU Study Group, 2011. Intussusception following rotavirus vaccine administration: post-marketing surveillance in the National Immunization Program in Australia.Vaccine,29(16), pp.3061-3066. Gee, J., Naleway, A., Shui, I., Baggs, J., Yin, R., Li, R., Kulldorff, M., Lewis, E., Fireman, B., Daley, M.F. and Klein, N.P., 2011. Monitoring the safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: findings from the Vaccine Safety Datalink.Vaccine,29(46), pp.8279-8284. Glanz, J.M., Newcomer, S.R., Hambidge, S.J., Daley, M.F., Narwaney, K.J., Xu, S., Lee, G.M., Baggs, J., Klein, N.P., Nordin, J.D. and Naleway, A.L., 2011. Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 24 to 59 months in the vaccine safety datalink.Archives of pediatrics adolescent medicine,165(8), pp.749-755. Lee, G.M., Greene, S.K., Weintraub, E.S., Baggs, J., Kulldorff, M., Fireman, B.H., Baxter, R., Jacobsen, S.J., Irving, S., Daley, M.F. and Yin, R., 2011. H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccine safety in the vaccine safety datalink project.American journal of preventive medicine,41(2), pp.121-128. Memish, Z., Al Hakeem, R., Al Neel, O., Danis, K., Jasir, A. and Eibach, D., 2013. Laboratory-confirmed invasive meningococcal disease: effect of the Hajj vaccination policy, Saudi Arabia, 1995 to 2011.Euro Surveill,18(37), p.20581. Poland, G.A., 2010. The 20092010 influenza pandemic: effects on pandemic and seasonal vaccine uptake and lessons learned for seasonal vaccination campaigns.Vaccine,28, pp.D3-D13. Rehmani, R. and Memon, J.I., 2010. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in a Saudi hospital.Vaccine,28(26), pp.4283-4287. Tse, A., Tseng, H.F., Greene, S.K., Vellozzi, C., Lee, G.M. and VSD Rapid Cycle Analysis Influenza Working Group, 2012. Signal identification and evaluation for risk of febrile seizures in children following trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 20102011.Vaccine,30(11), pp.2024-2031. Weber, J.S., Kudchadkar, R.R., Yu, B., Gallenstein, D., Horak, C.E., Inzunza, H.D., Zhao, X., Martinez, A.J., Wang, W., Gibney, G. and Kroeger, J., 2013. Safety, efficacy, and biomarkers of nivolumab with vaccine in ipilimumab-refractory or-naive melanoma.Journal of clinical oncology,31(34), pp.4311-4318. Weldeselassie, Y.G., Whitaker, H.J. and Farrington, C.P., 2011. Use of the self-controlled case-series method in vaccine safety studies: review and recommendations for best practice.Epidemiology Infection,139(12), pp.1805-1817. Yih, W.K., Kulldorff, M., Fireman, B.H., Shui, I.M., Lewis, E.M., Klein, N.P., Baggs, J., Weintraub, E.S., Belongia, E.A., Naleway, A. and Gee, J., 2011. Active surveillance for adverse events: the experience of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project.Pediatrics, pp.peds-2010. Yousif, M., Albarraq, A., Abdallah, M. and Elbur, A., 2013. Parents knowledge and attitudes on childhood immunization, Taif, Saudi Arabia.J Vaccines Vaccin,5(215), p.2.

We Wear The Mask Essay Example For Students

We Wear The Mask Essay Analysis of ?We Wear the Mask?In one of Paul Lawrence Dunbars most famous poems ?We Wear the Mask,? he describes the harsh reality of the black race in America and how they hide their grief, sadness, and broken hearts under a mask for a survival strategy towards whites. ?We wear the mask that grins and lies,It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,This debt we pay to human guile;With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,And mouth with myriad subtleties.?In the first verse, the mask is taken off. The ?We? of the poem describes the black community that lives a double life, the masked and the unmasked. Dunbar included the word ?mask? in his poem because historically it was a false deceptive role-playing that was acceptable for a survival strategy by blacks and it maintained a sense of empowerment in a racial society. The word ?lies? is a simple word but the mask not only lies to the whites, but to the person who is wearing the mask that start to live by it. Dunbar uses the word ?mouth? as a verb, which intensifies our expressive genuine facial features that never lies. In life, the mask is the concealment of those features that reveal tears that give quality to a smile. The masks when worn is always smiling but underneath are the torn and broken heart of o nes soul and ?this debt we pay to human guile.? The debt that the black community is paying dearly by wearing the mask everyday for the cunning white race with ?myriad subtleties?, the black race that wants to speak out and be heard. We will write a custom essay on We Wear The Mask specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ?Why should the world be otherwise,In counting all our tears and sighs?Nay, let them only see us, whileWe wear the mask.?The second verse, the mask is replaced. The word ?overwise?, Dunbar recognizes that the black people knew too much for their own good. They knew that if they were to speak out that they would be condemned for knowing too much in which they struggled for equality from the white race and peace within. In the last three lines of the second verse emphasis their hurt when they are not around the white race and how they are trapped under the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vileBeneath our feet, and long the mile;But let the world dream otherwise,We wear the mask!In the words ?We smile?, it shows that they wear their smiling mask everyday with tortured souls beneath and that they pray to Christ to find peace in the awful world they live in. The words ?clay is vile? sets the setting for slavery on a plantation in the south where clay is popular. The plantation is where they worked and lived. Which did whites that treated blacks with disgust own. The words ?world dream otherwise,? says that the otherwise will turn their head the other way and think differently. Some of them will die with their mask on and never realizing the truth or some will wake up without the mask and reveal the truth that it is wrong. In Paul Lawrence Dunbars poem, he links it to the black race and uses extended metaphor to have a penetrating insight to the reality of the frowned upon race in America, that struggles for equality and peace within a racial s ociety. BibliographyIn one of Paul Lawrence Dunbars most famous poems ?We Wear the Mask,? he describes the harsh reality of the black race in America and how they hide their grief, sadness, and broken hearts under a mask for a survival strategy towards whites. .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .postImageUrl , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:hover , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:visited , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:active { border:0!important; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e 6d30e5a62:active , .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/sim ple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62 .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2078de63bf14d87d1f67b1e6d30e5a62:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Characterization of sonnys blues Essay

Writing an IEP, An Individual Education Program

Writing an IEP, An Individual Education Program The individual education program- more generally known as an IEP- is s a written plan that describes the program(s) and special services a student requires to be successful. It is a plan that ensures that proper programming is in place to help the student with special needs to be successful at school.   If students with special needs are to achieve the academic curriculum or an alternative curriculum to the best of their ability and as independently as possible, the professionals involved in the delivery of their programming must have a plan in place. When writing an IEP, you need to include specific elements to satisfy legal requirements and to provide the best educational plan possible for the student. Elements of the IEP The IEP must contain  the students  present level of educational performance, the  results of any evaluations and tests,  special education and related services  to be provided,  accommodations and modifications to be provided for the student, supplementary aids and services, annual goals for the student, including how they will be tracked and measured, an explanation of how the student will participate in general education classes (the least restrictive environment), and the date the IEP will go into effect, as well as a transportation plan and extended school year services if applicable. IEP Goals The IEP goals should be developed with the following criteria: specificrealisticattainablemeasurablechallenging Before setting goals the team must first determine the present level of performance using various assessment tools, the needs must be clearly and specifically defined. When determining IEP goals consider the students classroom placement, is the student in the least hindering environment. Do the goals coordinate with the regular classroom activities and schedules and do they follow the general curriculum? After the goals have been identified, it is then stated how the team will help the student to achieve the goals, this is referred to as the measurable part of the goals. Each goal must have a clearly stated objective for how, where and when each task will be implemented. Define and list any adaptations, aides or supportive techniques that may be required to encourage success. Clearly explain how progress will be monitored and measured. Be specific about time frames for each objective. Expect goals to be achieved at the end of an academic year. Objectives are skills required to achieve the desired goal, objectives should be accomplished in shorter intervals. Team Members: IEP team members are parents of the student, special education teacher, classroom teacher, support workers, and outside agencies involved with the individual. Each member of the team plays a vital role in the development of a successful IEP. Education Program Plans can become overwhelming and unrealistic. A good rule of thumb is to set one goal for each academic strand. This enables the teams manageability and accountability to ensure that resources are available to help the individual achieve the desired goals. If the student IEP meets all of the students needs and is focused on skills for success, results and outcomes, the student with special needs will have every opportunity for academic achievement no matter how challenging their needs may be. Example of an IEP John Doe is a 12-year-old boy presently placed in a regular grade 6 classroom with special education support. John Doe is identified as ‘Multiple Exceptionalities’. A Pediatric assessment determined that John meets criteria for Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Johns anti-social, aggressive behavior, prevent him from achieving academic success. General Accommodations: Supervision for Non-Instructional TimeAttention/Focusing CuesSpecial Arrangements for Arrival/DepartureUse of Preferred Learning StyleSmall Group InstructionIn-Class Peer Tutor AssistanceReview, Retest, Re-EvaluateReduce Visual or Auditory DistractionsScribing or Oral ReportingLength of Time for Assessments/Assignments Annual Goal: John will work towards controlling compulsive and impulsive behavior, which negatively affects the learning of self and others. He will work towards interacting and responding to others in a positive way. Behavior Expectations: Develop skills to manage anger and resolve conflict appropriately. Develop skills to accept responsibility for self. Demonstrate dignity and respect for self and others. Develop a foundation for healthy relationships with peers and adults. Develop a positive self-image. Strategies and Accommodations Encourage John to verbalize his feelings. Modeling, role play, rewards, consequences using the assertive discipline approach. One-to-one teaching as required, one-to-one Educational Assistant support as required and relaxation exercises. Direct teaching of social skills, acknowledge and encourage acceptable behavior. Establish and use  consistent classroom routine, prepare for transitions well in advance. Keep as predictable a schedule as possible. Make use of computer technology where possible, and ensure John feels he is a valued member of the class. Always relate classroom activities to timetable and agenda. Resources/frequency/location Resources:  Classroom Teacher, Education Assistant, Integrations Resource Teacher. Frequency: daily as required. Location:  regular classroom, withdraw to  resource room  as required. Comments:  A program of expected behaviors and consequences will be established. Rewards for expected behavior will be given at the end of an agreed upon time interval. Negative behavior will not be acknowledged in this tracking format but will be identified to John and to home through a communication agenda.

How to Introduce Yourself in Spanish

How to Introduce Yourself in Spanish No matter how little Spanish you know, its easy to introduce yourself to someone who speaks Spanish. Here are three ways you can do it: Introduce Yourself: Method 1 Simply follow these steps, and youll be well on your way to making a connection with someone even if that person doesnt speak your language: To say hello or hi, merely say Hola or OH-la (rhymes with Lola; note that the letter h is silent in Spanish).To introduce yourself, simply say Me llamo (may YAHM-oh) followed by your name. For example, Hola, me llamo Chris (OH-la, may YAHM-oh Chris) means Hi, Im Chris.To ask someones name in a formal way, say  ¿Cà ³mo se llama usted? or KOH-moh say YAHM-ah oo-STED. (The oo rhymes with moo.) This means, What is your name?In an informal setting, or if speaking to a child, say  ¿Cà ³mo te llamas? or KOH-mo tay YAHM-ahss. That also means, What is your name?After the person responds, you may say, Mucho gusto or MOOCH-oh GOOSE-toh. The phrase means much pleasure or, less literally, pleased to meet you. Introduce Yourself: Method 2 This second method may be a slightly less common way of introducing yourself, but its still perfectly acceptable and is easier to learn. Most of the steps are the same as above, but for the second step, where you actually introduce yourself, merely say Hola followed by soy and your name. Soy is pronounced basically the same as it is in English. Hola, soy Chris means Hello, Im Chris. Introduce Yourself: Method 3 The third method also isnt as common as the first in most areas, but it may be the most straightforward way for those who have English as a first language. For the second step, you can use Mi nombre es or mee NOHM-breh ess followed by your name. Thus, if your name is Chris, you can say: Hola, mi nombre es Chris. Whichever method you use, dont be afraid to sound silly. Youll be understood by following these directions, and in nearly any Spanish-speaking area even the feeblest attempts to speak Spanish will be honored. Spanish Introductions The most common way to introduce yourself in Spanish is to say  Me llamo followed by your name.Alternatives include Mi nombre es or Soy followed by your name.Hola can be used for either  hi or hello. Grammar and Vocabulary Behind These Introductions You dont need to understand the precise meanings of what youre saying or how the words relate to each other grammatically to introduce yourself. But if youre curious, or if youre planning on learning Spanish, you may find them interesting to know. As you might have guessed, hola and hello are basically the same word. Those who know etymology, the study of word origins, think the word goes back to at least the 14th century, before English and Spanish existed in their current form. Although it is unclear how the word entered Spanish, it probably originated with German as a way of trying to get someones attention. Me in the first method above means myself (obviously, theres an etymological connection with the English me), and llamo is a form of the verb llamar, which usually means to call. So if you say Me llamo Chris, thats a direct equivalent of I call myself Chris. Llamar is used in many of the same ways as to call is, such as for calling out to someone or calling someone on the telephone. In both Spanish and English, verbs in which the person is referring to doing something to him- or herself are known as reflexive verbs. The reason two methods are used with llamar for asking someones name is because Spanish differentiates between formal and informal (sometimes called formal and familiar) ways of addressing people. English used to do the same thing - thou, thee and thine were all informal terms at one time, although in modern English you and your can be used in both formal and informal situations. Although there are regional variations in how Spanish distinguishes between the two forms, as a foreigner you are safer in using the formal form ( ¿Cà ³mo se llama _____?) with adults and especially with authority figures. Soy is a form of the verb ser, which means to be. In the final method, mi nombre es is a word-for-word equivalent of my name is. Like soy, es comes from the  verb ser.

The Europe history after 1st world war Research Paper

The Europe history after 1st world war - Research Paper Example During the 20th century there was sporadic social, cultural and economic change in Europe due to the industrial revolution that started in Britain during the 18th century and later spread to the whole world.The 2 world wars and a great economic depression controlled most of the first quarter of the 20th century2. The First World War was fought for 4 years, from the year 1914 to 1918. The war was fought between the entente powers that included the Belgium, France, Russia, Britain, Greece, Italy, Romania, and the United States of America against the Central powers which comprised of countries such as Germany, the Ottoman Empire, Austria, and Hungary3. The war claimed the lives of over 15 million civilians and military men. It is estimated that over 59 million military men were called to service during the war. Later on the great revolution in Russia destroyed the Transits Monarchy and replaced it with the Soviet Union. Additionally, the Ottoman Empire broke up forming separate nations and most of these nations had their boundaries re-drawn4. A treaty was written, known as the Treaty of Versailles. It marked the end of World War 1, but was harsh on the Germans, blaming them for the full responsibility of the war, hence imposed heavy sanctions on the country. High depts. Incurred in the First World War and loans given Germany caused great economic instability and havoc within Europe between the years 1920 to 1930. In the Soviet Union, people were dying of famine that had partly been contributed by Stalin’s regime. At the end of the 1st World War, the German economy suffered and this is because of the harsh conditions that were placed on it, by the treaty of Versailles, whose intention was to end the First World War. Hitler got into power in the year 1933, and begun his great campaign of building a great Germany. In the year 1929, the crash of Wall Street brought about the great depression that was experienced worldwide. Aided by elements such as

Proteins Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proteins - Lab Report Example Proteins are essential nutrients and are therefore significant to the body, a factor that identifies the need to understand their presence in substances for nutritional, and other, purposes. An understanding of protein levels in the body is also important in determining changes from equilibrium fluid compositions. There are many ways in which protein concentrations in substances, particularly solutions, can be determined. The most common approach is the application of a regression analysis model to develop a relationship between protein concentration in a solution and absorbance rate that can be experimentally determined. The developed relationship can then be used to determine concentrations of proteins in substances, under similar conditions, based on the absorption rates in proteins from those solutions. This paper explores the use Bradford approach to determination of protein concentration. In order to use the approach to determine the concentrations, the paper tests the null hyp othesis that there is no significant relationship between concentration of protein solutions and absorption rates. Applied research method involved observation of experimental result from the Bradford approach to establish, analytically, existence of a relationship. The relationship is then used to determine concentration unknown proteins solutions. Analysis of the results identifies existence of a significant relationship. This is because of the small p value (p value= 0.000394) relative to the level of significance, 0.05. The paper therefore concludes validity of the method but identifies errors that lead to inconsistent concentrations for the unknown solutions. Introduction and background information Protein quantification is an important biological concept with a wide scope of applications. This is majorly because proteins form fundamental structures of living cells and organs. This also identifies the need for understanding their importance in the body as well as the need for p rotein based nutrients. Identification of a specific level of need for protein components is for example important to nutritionists who need to know the recommended amount of proteins that an individual should take, a scope that identifies the need to understand protein concentration of different substances for recommendation of appropriate quantities that can be consumed. Knowledge of protein concentration can similarly be applied in health care environments to determine presence of diseases in a body (Chem, p. 105). The Bradford’s approach to determination of protein concentration is one of the applicable techniques that is easy to apply and is time efficient (Mnstate, p. 1). It employs the spectroscopy technology that uses light waves to determine concentration. The basis of application of the approach is absorption of a dye into protein (Clarke, p. 1). The absorbed dye, whose concentration varies directly with the concentration of the absorbing protein then, forms the bas is of determining the relationship between protein’s concentration and absorbance property (Cuntapay, p. 1). The basis further relies on change in visibility of the used dye to determine the level of absorbance (Ruf, p. 1). The method’s determination of the concentration of an unknown protein is further based on the principle that given similar conditions, such as the solvent and factors such as temperature, concentration of protein in a solution is the sole determinant of absorbance property. As a result, different proteins with similar concentrations will exhibit the same absorption rate if all other factors are constant. This further means that any other protein under the same conditions obeys a developed theory, in an equation of relationship between protein concentration and absorption rate (Thermo, p. 1). Such an equation is determined by regression analysis that establishes a relationship between protein concentration and absorption. The analysis, will in this c ase determine the rate of increase of absorption rate with each unit

Oneself Changes Essay Example for Free

Oneself Changes Essay God image’ is the subjective emotional experience of God. It is shaped by our experience of our parents and enables us to continue earlier learned relational patterns. The term, God Image is used to refer to one’s internal, intra-psychic, emotional representation of God. The God Image develops during childhood as the children are confronted with their limitations, and recognizes powers beyond their own work in their environment. This essay will focus on the ‘God image’ as it will be trying to explain ‘how Rizzuto show that as the image of one changes, so too, does one’s image of God change’. Before that, this paper will start by briefing a history of Rizzuto. Ana Maria-Rizzuto was an American psychoanalyst who began her interest in looking at Religion through the eyes of her discipline in 1963 when she was asked to teach a course in the seminary on the psychological foundations of belief. She was inspired by Freud’s insights into the role of parents in search of project with patients admitted to a private psychiatric hospital. Twenty patience were studied, ten men and ten women. The goal of her project was to study the possible origins of the individual’s private representation of God and its subsequent elaborations. Rizzuto took her basic hypothesis from Freud who had connected the individual’s ‘father in flesh’ with God. Freud claimed that all people create their own gods on the basis of early relationships shaped in childhood. In doing his project, Rizzuto had each one fill out detailed questionnaire and then she interviewed each to gain a comprehensive life history. In order to understand her subjects thoroughly, Rizzuto asked them to talk about themselves at the different stages of their growth, about their relationships, conflicts and problems. Her end goal was to be able to make a complex assessment and come to a clinical interpretation of the quality of each subject’s relationships in those private and subjective areas of experience which do not lend themselves easily to statistical analysis (Graham13-5). Rizzuto focused on the formation of an individual’s private representation of God during childhood, its modifications and uses during the entire course of life. She calls this process of formation the â€Å"Birth of the Living God†. As the image of one change, so, too does the one’s image of God change. Rizzuto says that the images and experiences from the earliest years, before oedipal struggles, seem to play a key role. The child alone does not create a God. According to Rizzuto, the development of a child throws light on the way the image and the concept of God come into being and interact. The new born baby has no interpersonal experience. The infant has the experience of the mother, the father and the siblings. The child has a multitude of interpersonal experiences. It is at age of three when the child becomes consciously curious about God. â€Å"A three year old oedipal child, for instance, has great curiosity and wants to know the why of living† (208). The child is especially interested in the causes of things like, ‘why do trees move? Where does the wind come from? The child ceaseless chaining of causes or animistic notions of causality will inevitably lead her/him to think of a superior being. The idea of God suits a child well because her parents and adult are already in her mind superior beings of great size and power. The child easily moves to an anthropomorphic understanding of God as a powerful being like her parents†(Rizzuto qtd in Winnicott 97) The child soon discovers that God is invisible; therefore, he is left to inner resources to fill the image of God as a living being described for him as a person. The powerful fantasy of the child has to ‘create’ the powerful being. As a result, as the image of o ne change, so, too does the one’s image of God changes. Also, an image of God can be created for a new human being through parental and societal devotion to God as like its parents. The child observes its parents and adults giving devotion to God. Since the child’s parents are like God to the child, the parent’s devotion to someone even greater than themselves is a mystery to the child. The parents and God then become associated and not clearly distinguished. The parents as objects become internalized, form the self and become symbolized by God image (Rizzuto qtd in Nelson 35). Horowitz writes, Rizzuto claims that, it is not known what psychic processes take place inside the child at that early age or the selective procedures that bring him/her to use one type of interpersonal experience and reject nother to form his/her image of God. What is known is that, the child has an image of God which he/she spontaneously uses in his/her questioning about him and in his own religious behavior? This early image may, to be sure undergo changes in later life. â€Å"This does not alter the fact that the child has formed his image of God out of interpersonal ex periences before he is intellectually mature enough to grasp the concept of God†( Horowitz 63). When the time comes for the child to receive formal religious teaching, his image of God and the concept of God will also change just as the image of one change (64). Furthermore, Rizzuto acknowledges the idea of Winnicot who says that, when a child grows and matures, he/she will come to his intermediate area of experience, which constitutes the greater part of infant’s experience, and â€Å"throughout life is retained in the intense experiencing that belongs to the arts and to religion and to imaginative and to creative scientific work† (14). At this stage, â€Å"instead of God losing meaning, his meaning becomes heightened by the oedipal experience and all other pre-genital events that have contributed to the reelaboration of his representational characteristics† (Rizzuto 178). Sometimes, however he may seem to lose meaning, paradoxically, on account of being rejected, ignored, and suppressed or found temporarily unnecessary. Lawrence broadened the understanding of what influences the development of the God Image in line with the idea of Rizzuto. It is now more commonly recognized that other relationships and experiences also impact the development of the God Image. One may again ask that, â€Å"Does young people who have not received any kind of religious education in general develop images of God? † This question can be answered with the findings of Rizzuto. She claims that in a very early age every child begins to form its image of God through parental messages about God. The image of God gets a clearer shape when the child begins to create so called fantasy companions, which help the child till adolescence to master inner conflicts. Amongst others, the fantasy companions can take over the role of a scapegoat, which allows the child to repulse negative impulses or they can help the child to strengthen their feelings of omnipotence or they can become caring companions of the lonely, neglected or rejected child (Lawrence 119 and Winnicot 140). Moreover, Rizzuto claims that even if a child is to be brought up in a religious or unreligious way, he/she will create God as a fantasy companion, whose existence is formed from his/her personal experience with parents and what he/she will learn about God in the environment he/she grows up in. he goes on to say that, nothing can be predicted on how the child will use the information which he/she gets about God. This means that no general statements can be made about the childlike image about God and its further development. For some children God may become very meaningful, for others God might have an evil, destructive character and for some he might not be of any importance at all. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that the as the image of a child or one changes, so, too, does the child’s or one’s image changes (Winnicott 143). Rizzuto agrees that Freud was basically correct in suggesting that God has his origins in parental imagos and that God comes to the child at the time of resolution of the oedipal crisis. That implies that all the children in Western world form a God representation- one that may later be used, neglected, or actively repressed. In all cases the type of representation the child has formed as a result of his personal experience with his self-perception. This is not because the God representation can exert any influence of its own but because the child actively uses his God representation and his transformations of it as an element in maintaining a minimum sense of relatedness and hope. Sometimes this is best archived by totally rejecting God; at other times ‘closeness’ to God offers a better solution (208). To sum up, Rizzuto tries to show that as the image of one change, so, too does the one’s image of God change. He does that by focusing on the development of a child. He writes that, the child create God image through experience and fantasy. Freud believes that only the father provides the imago for an ‘exaltation’ to Godhead but Rizzuto would then argue saying that it is either the father or the mother or both who helps in the formation of the God’s image in the child which can also affects his/her ideas and images of God later in life. Other primary objects like grandparents siblings may also provide some representational components. The entire representational process occurs in a wider context of the family, social class, organized religion and particular subcultures. All these experiences contribute a background to the shape, significance, potential use and meaning which the child or adult may bestow on their God representations.

The Moral Development of Huckleberry Finn Essays -- The Adventures of

Huck Finn, a narcissistic and unreliable young boy, slowly morphs into a courteous figure of respect and selflessness. After Pap abducts the young and civilized Huck, Huck descends into his old habits of lies and half-truths. However, upon helping a runaway slave escape, Huck regains morality and a sense of purpose. Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck lies to characters, casting the authenticity of the story into doubt but illustrating Huck’s gradual rejection of lying for himself and a shift towards lying for others. Huck rejects lying early in the novel, a testament to his successful training bestowed upon him by the Widow Douglass and other townspeople. Huck begins the story by lecturing the reader that The Adventures of Tom Sawyer contained lies about him, and that everyone has lied in his or her lives (11). Huck’s admittance of the lies contained in the previous book about him demonstrates his early dedication to truth in the novel. Later, Tom forces Huck to return to the Widow Douglass where he continues learning how to be â€Å"sivilized† (11). When Huck returns, the Widow Douglass teaches him the time when lying is appropriate, improving Huck’s sometimes unreliable moral directions. After Huck spends enough time with the Widow Douglass and her sister, Miss Watson, Huck begins enjoying the routine of his new life (26). Huck, a coarse character prior to the beginning of the novel, enjoys his education more and more, and displays promise for a cultured future. Pri or to the arrival of Pap, Huck sells his money to Judge Thatcher avoiding telling his father a lie (27). Even though his father is an appalling man and an alcoholic, Huck respects him and avoids lying to him by selling Ju... ...e to Miss Watson (224). Huck’s own morals replace the belief society gave him and convince him that turning in Jim would be wrong. As a result, he resolves that he will set Jim free again, and continues helping him. While Huck’s constant lies while narrating the novel makes the authenticity of certain events doubtful, it serves a much greater purpose of allowing the reader to indirectly see the continued improvements and declines of Huck’s moral judgment. At some points, he serves only himself; at other key events in the story, he creates elaborate lies that help others. The moral development of Huck makes itself apparent in the changing lies of Huck, allowing readers to observe the events taking place within Huck’s mind with ease. Work Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Ed. Guy Cardell. New York: Penguin Classics, 2002. Print.

Colgate-Palmolive Company

Marketing Strategy 1. Problem and Issue Statement 1. 1. Increased competition from rivals and private labels MKW 3440 Colgate-Palmolive company, simply known as, Colgate, is one of the world's largest consumer products companies by market share, with commercial presence in more than five continents (Euromonitor International, 2011). In the past decade, particularly in the personal care and home care segments, Colgate has faced vigorous competition across the globe (Euromonitor International, 2011).Rivals include, large multinational corporations, local corporations as well as private label brands or store brands, of large retailers such as, WalMart, Target, and other supermarket chains (Euromonitor International, 2011). Although, Colgate's exposure to private labels is limited, the company’s primary objective remains to increase its organic growth through penetrating emerging markets (Euromonitor International, 2011).In order for the company to accomplish this goal, it is advi sed that Colgate watches out, for the private label trend (Euromonitor International, 2011). According to Euromonitor International (2011), private label brands from large retailers are now considered to be highly sophisticated and an attractive alternative to customers, particularly in emerging markets, as these products often sell at lower price points and the retailers have the point of sale data on consumer behaviour, and are therefore in a better position to understand the consumer’s behaviour.This trend, may become problematic for Colgate in the near future, as private label brands are expected to increase and be high on retailers agendas, directly affecting the company in several aspects of business, including, the pricing of its products, promotional activities, new product introductions, profitability and market share (Euromonitor International, 2011). he growing competitiveness of some local players in China and fiercer competition in overall oral care, personal car e and home care segments led to a significant decline in Colgate’s market share (Euromonitor International, 2005). For Colgate to remain competitive, it is important that it strengthens its brands, invest in ground-breaking innovative product launches, as well as defend its trademark, patents, and trade dress rights, against legal challenges that may be brought by competitors (Euromonitor International, 2011). 1. . Not capitalising in China like the market leaders in the industry Although, Colgate-Palmolive operates a diversified business operation and its largest revenuegenerating regions in the world are in the emerging economies, however, the company is less dominant in China with regard to their personal care and oral care segments (Euromonitor International, 2011). Compared to other emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, and India, China presents a strong growth opportunity for Colgate-Palmolive, as consumers increasingly perceiveColgate-Palmolive Company 1 Marketing S trategy MKW 3440 oral care and personal care in terms of achieving greater attractiveness, over hygienic, deodorising and antiperspirant functions (Euromonitor International, 2011). This is problematic for Colgate as its campaign for oral care has always been positioned as health products (Euromonitor International, 2005). As a result, In 2011, Procter & Gamble ranked number one in oral care, with a 21% value share (Euromonitor International, 2011).Oral care in China, is predicted to continue its growth pace over the forecast period and it is therefore important for Colgate to amend their current positioning strategy to accompany the product’s cosmetic appeal (Euromonitor International, 2005). In addition, Colgate should conduct greater segmentation of the market, where products will be aimed at agespecific groups as well as products designed specifically for men or women, or even lifestyles habits such as smokers or coffee drinkers as this will increase the market reach, pro fitability and the market share of the company (Euromonitor International, 2012). . Evaluation of Alternatives Given the competition and growth prospects in emerging markets, Colgate should aim to gain market share through novel technology and the creation of innovative product launches, that offer added-value to the consumer (Euromonitor International, 2011). Recently, companies have been increasing the number of â€Å"green† innovative product launches as well as products based on highpowered functionality and cost-saving measures, as they help minimise environmental impact while helping consumers save money through energy conservation (Euromonitor International, 2011).Through innovations such as these, Colgate can avoid loosing market share and revenue to local and multinational corporations. On the other hand, to stop consumers from moving to cheaper brands i. e. : keep private label brands at bay, Colgate should resort to pricing adjustments and cost management to ease p ressure on margins as well as establish emotional bonds with its consumers through advertising messages centred on the concepts of luxury, at-home pampering, naturalness and sustainability (Euromonitor International, 2011).This process, mainly involves reducing working capital and lowering selling or general and administrative costs, through lay-offs (Euromonitor International, 2011). So far, Colgate has focused on streamlining its product portfolio – e. g. in Europe, it reduced the number of household cleaners from 84 products in 2008 to 22 in 2010 (Euromonitor International, 2011).Another initiative Colgate took, is to purchase Sanex, a personal care business from Unilever and sold its laundry detergent brands in Colombia, as an attempt to address the strong competition from its rivals in the industry with regards to deodorants, bath and shower soaps that account for the largest portions of its competitors profits (Euromonitor International, 2011). Colgate-Palmolive Company 2 Marketing Strategy MKW 3440 On the other hand, to capitalise on the Chinese market, the company needs to trengthen its competitive position and adapt products that will more closely meet the local consumer preferences (Euromonitor International, 2011). The local player Shuke is expected to see strong growth over the forecast period thanks to venture capital investment and its new spokesman David Beckham. For example: by incorporating whitening functionality in all its oral care product formulas, this could help the company, defend its share against dominant local players such as Yunnan Baiyao (Euromonitor International, 2011).Products aimed at age-specific groups as well as products designed specifically for men or women, or even lifestyles habits such as smokers or coffee drinkers, are certain to be developed in the future (Euromonitor International, 2011). 3. Internal Review 3. 1. Existing strategic gaps A strategy gap analysis is a forecasting tool used by marketing managers, to determine the shortcomings of an organisation by identifying the steps necessary for an organisation to take when trying to move from its actual performance to a desired future-state (De Choi, Herder, Koesling, Lo, Olmedilla, Papapetorou, & Siberski, 2005).This difference is known as a gap (De Choi et al. , 2005). The gap can be divided into four categories: the product line gap, the distribution gap, the usage gap and the competitive gap (De Choi et al. , 2005). Currently, Colgate-Palmolive has a distribution gap with regard to the Chinese market. A distribution gap, is all about increasing exposure to current distribution channel members (Klopper, 2012). Another strategic gap Colgate could optimize on, is its usage gap.A usage gap, refers to the gap between the total market potential and the existing usage by all consumers in the market (Klopper, 2012). The competitive gap, on the other hand, refers to anything about a product, service, technology, capability or position that p uts a company at a significant disadvantage versus one or more competitors (Klopper, 2012). In the case of Colgate, this company has a competition gap as its current positioning strategy in the Chinese market is working against them. Colgate-Palmolive Company 3 Marketing Strategy MKW 3440 3. 1. 1.Strategies to close gaps Strategy to close distribution gap: Localization of consumer products has been a fast-emerging trend in several consumer products markets including personal care (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011). Colgate-Palmolive Co. , can bridge this distribution gap in China by increasing exposure to current distribution channel members and establish new distribution channels (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011). Specific to the oral care industry, manufacturers are targeting consumers with local flavors and ingredients that suit their preferences and long-standing culture in various countries (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011).For instance, Colgate-Palmolive offers a unique formula tion of its Colgate Herbal toothpaste for the Indian market (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011). Since there is an increasing interest in China with whitening products including oral care, Colgate may use this information One of the breakthrough innovations featuring local ingredients is Colgate Plax Fresh Tea mouthwash for the Chinese market, which helped drive the company’s share of mouthwash market in China to a record high level during the year (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011).Currently, there is an increasing rate of (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011). Strategy to close usage gap: By extending the usability of its products and targeting specific offerings as market extensions, Colgate would be able to increase its market share and profitability (Klopper, 2012). Thus addressing it usage gap. through the use of either tactical approaches such as the marketing mix, Colgate can be able to promote new segments and users or encourage non-users to switch from substitute or compet itor’s products (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2011).Strategy to close competitive gap: Through co-branding with local or domestic competitors such as Yunnan Baiyao, and manufacturing complementary products, Colgate may be able to minimize its competition and risk, as there will be greater consumer trust on the product, wide scope due to joined advertising, technological benefits, better product image by association with another renowned brand, greater access to new sources of finances and as a consequence this will ultimately lead to more sales income (Jooste, Berndt & Du Plessis, 2012; Klopper, 2012). Colgate-Palmolive Company Marketing Strategy 3. 2. Required capabilities and core competencies Table A: Discussion of required capabilities and core competencies Required capabilities and core competencies Discussion MKW 3440 Finance For Colgate-Palmolive to be able to implement the strategies that will ultimately bridge the gaps in the market, it needs to have finances. Likely f or Colgate, this is one of its core competency and capability, hence, the company has been able to spend a significant amount on its R&D activities in order to ensure consistent product innovation (DataMonitor, 2011).Through constant product innovation, Colgate will be enabled to invest in marketing, technology and its vast distribution network (DataMonitor, 2011). Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills and social and personality attributes, including creativity, embodied in the ability for an employee of Colgate-Palmolive Co. to provide the organisation with economic value which then translates into the marketplace (Woodhall, 2001).It is made obvious that human capital is a required distinctive competency of Colgate as product innovation is one of its driving forces and innovation is derived from the creativity of its employees (Market Line, 2012). For many companies in this industry, including Colgate-Palmolive Company, they strives to lower their input costs so that they c an have that competitive edge over rivals in the industry (DataMonitor, 2011). As all company’s in this industry use many of the same suppliers, it is difficult for companies to achieve low input costs in that area (DataMonitor, 2011).However, Colgate-Palmolive Company tries to lower input costs by being innovative with its product designs and the utilization of its assets, along with always looking for new suppliers that might not be as big, but offers a lower prices (DataMonitor, 2011). Human capital Lower input costs 4. Competitor Analysis 4. 1. 4. 1. 1. 4. 1. 2. 4. 1. 3. 4. 1. 4. 4. 2. Colgate-Palmolive Company 5 Marketing Strategy 4. 2. 1. 5. Segment Profiling 5. 1. 5. 1. 1. 5. 1. 2. 5. 1. 3 5. 2. 6. New STP strategies 7. Strategic Marketing Program 8. Financial Review 8. 1. 8. 2. Non-financial performance 8. 3.Marketing matrix of chosen strategy 9. Implementation Details & Long-term Strategic Plan MKW 3440 For successful implementation of the marketing strategy, there i s need for a strategic fit between a chosen strategy and the organisational resources (Klopper, 2012). Without the sufficient time, money, technology, management systems or skills in place, the marketing strategies are sure to fail (Klopper, 2012). Therefore a long-term strategic plan needs to be set, to ensure the origination's goals and objectives, tasks or activities and timeline are in alignment with the strategies used and resources needed (Klopper, 2012).Colgate-Palmolive Company 6 Marketing Strategy MKW 3440 Reference List DataMonitor. (2011, March 1). Personal Care Market Watch company spotlight: Colgate-Palmolive Company. Retrieved from http://www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/ Handlers/accessPDF. ashx? c=93PDF=F-188296-20424193. pdf=2VfbY1Pd %2bDnEJbzYJ6Dz2CeaTTM%3d De Choi, L. J. , Herder, E. , Koesling, A. , Lo, C. , Olmedilla, D. , Papapetorou, O. , & Siberski, W. (2005). A Model For Competence Gap Analysis. Retrieved from http://lnx-hr l-075v. web. pwo. ou. l/ bitstream/1820/1119/1/model_for_competence_gap_analysis. pdf Euromonitor International. (2005, March 14). Teeth whitening blurs oral hygiene and beauty. Retrieved from http-//www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/Handlers/ accessPDF. ashx? c=81PDF=F-33822-9535381. pdf=nd8RKGQXEue7mLs%2fivocj%2b %2bg%2bH0%3d Euromonitor International. (2011, April 26). Beauty and Personal Care State of the Industry 2011. Retrieved from http://www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/Handlers/ accessPDF. ashx? =33PD=F-177502-19843633. pdf=NcEV34hQb92tYF8QgpvZIFU0Ens %3d Euromonitor International. (2011, July 1). Colgate-Palmolive CO in beauty and personal care world. Retrieved from http://www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/ Handlers/accessPDF. ashx? c=93PDF=F-188296-20424193. pdf=2VfbY1Pd %2bDnEJbzYJ6Dz2CeaTTM%3d Euromonitor International. (2011, September 1). Colgate-Palmolive CO in home care world. Retrieved from http-//www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/Handlers/ a c c e s s P D F. a s h x ? = 9 3 P D F & f = F – 1 8 8 2 9 6 – 2 0 4 2 4 1 9 3 . p d f & c o d e = 2 V f b Y 1 P d %2bDnEJbzYJ6Dz2CeaTTM%3d Colgate-Palmolive Company 7 Marketing Strategy MKW 3440 Euromonitor International. (2012, May 1). Deodorants in China. Retrieved from http-/ www. portal. euromonitor. com. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/Portal/Handlers/accessPDF. ashx? c=06PDF=S-204891-21565106. pdf=pNYwWcs%2f9Zj4RkGJkmir5PGxc4g%3d Jooste, W. J. , Berndt, A. , & Du Plessis, J. P. (Ed. ). (2012). Applied Strategic Marketing. Cape Town, London: Sage. Klopper, H. B. (2012).Week 2: Internal Analysis [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from MKW 3440, Monash University Studies Online: https://my. monash. edu. au/muso/blackboard/login/ Market Line. (2012, June 7). Company Profile: Colgate-Palmolive Company. Retrieved from http:// www. datamonitor. com/store/Produ ct/colgate_palmolive_company? productid=8F29C49CAF39-411A-AF1B-930E67BFA795 Woodhall, M. (Ed. ). (2001). Human capital: educational aspects, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Colgate-Palmolive Company 8 Marketing Strategy Appendices Appendix A MKW 3440 Colgate-Palmolive Company 9

Counseling and psychotherapy

When two people are head-over-heels in love with each other, the immediate decision that comes up in each mind is marriage. Marriage is a very exciting phase in one’s life. It challenges one’s capacity and ability to handle responsibilities (responsibilities for the children’s education and future and the obligations of spouses with each other especially in their sexual life) for the future family that will be made by two people united in marriage.Some people will just get into marriage without any apprehensions what might be the possible problems that will arise in the family; especially the young people who are very impulsive to get into it. Yes, the relationship would be abnormal and boring if there is no testing and crises; thus, it is usual for the marriage life to have problems because problems strengthen the relationship. But how about if the problem arises is regarding the sexual incompetence? What if one’s partner is not satisfied of what the othe r partner is doing or having a trauma in the past related to sex?Is there any solution for this? There are many factors why sex problems arise. Some of these are lack of sexual desire, problems with erections, premature ejaculation and retarded ejaculation, lack of orgasm in women, painful intercourse, vaginismus, and sexual trauma (see Boulware, Carol. â€Å"Sex Therapy: Is it for you? † 2006). In this present generation, there are many broken marriages occurring because one of the reasons is the sex incompetence of the present partner. It cannot be denied that there are couples who quarreled so much because of the â€Å"sex† issue but how can this problem be resolved?Due to this problem, experts present the counseling and psychotherapy in marriages to resolve the problems specifically in their sexual life. These kinds of treatments really help the marriage work well. The purposes of this study are to: (1) know what the difference between psychotherapy and counseling is and; (2) recognize how counseling and psychotherapy help the marriage who has sex problems. II. Discussion A. Psychotherapy and Counseling Most of the time, counseling and psychotherapy are terminologies that frequently interchange when used.Actually, counselor would refer to advisor and it includes two individuals working together in order to provide solution for the dilemma. It is a treatment that has several types in giving advices (see Schimelpfening, Nancy. â€Å"What is the difference between Counseling and Psychotherapy? † Psychotherapy 101, page 1). This would mean that counselor provides solutions to the couple who has sex problems by conducting a study related to case presented by the couple. Moreover, a licensed professional counselor named Deborah Reeves stated that: â€Å"A well-trained therapist understands the difference between counseling and psychotherapy.In counseling the therapist focuses on the â€Å"here and now† reality situations and helps on e become better equipped to deal with various life situations† (see Reeves, Deborah. â€Å"Differences between counseling and psychotherapy. Healing-Minds. com). On the other hand, psychotherapy denotes as the therapy of emotional and mental sickness. Psychotherapy includes a procedure, a connection between a patient and a therapist. A psychotherapist is an individual that is very good in: ? Listening the client carefully and sincerely ? Reflecting sympathetically ? Suggesting some views ? Giving comments and advices? Assisting the client/clients to search and discover other options ? Guiding the client/clients in exploring the depths of experiences and emotions (see Jaffe, Jaelline and Segal, Jeanne. † Psychotherapy and Relationship/Marriage Counseling†. Mental health Issues. Helpguide, July 14, 2004). These qualities of the psychotherapist help the married couples solve their sexual problems by tracing back what are the reasons behind why they encounter such dil emmas in their sex life. The psychotherapist sets different goals in order to identify the reasons why the marriage encounters sex problems.The psychotherapy will: first, develop insights regarding the sex problems of the couple; second, learn to communicate more efficiently to the client/clients; third, learn to work out the interpersonal and internal incompatibilities; fourth, manage to lessen or relieve signs of emotional disturbances that may possibly be the reason why sex incompetence arises; fifth, alters actions and activities to develop relational, social and vocational functioning; sixth, client’s personal growth and improvement and; the last one is, rebuild the client’s life due to faulty sex experiences in early life (see Jaffe, Jaelline and Segal, Jeanne.â€Å"Psychotherapy and Relationship/Marriage Counseling†. Mental health Issues. Helpguide, July 14, 2004). B. how do counseling and psychotherapy help marriage with sex problems? Marriage counseling is also known as couples’ therapy which assist married couples recognize, realize and work out the conflicts and develops their relationship. Marriage counseling and psychotherapy provide the couples the methods to make their communication better, understand differences, solve the problem and have a discussion in a healthy way. Marriage counseling is usually provided by therapists that have licensed who are called as marriage and family therapists.Moreover, majority of the marriages are not perfect. Every individual has his own values, principles, and personal background in the relationship and more frequently, those characters do not always go with the partner’s character. Furthermore, marriage counseling can help the marriage life in dealing many issues especially in the marriage-sex-life that can create pressure in the relationship. Generally, marriage counseling normally put together the couples in joint therapy sessions where the counselor or therapist assists th e couples identify, recognize and understand the root cause of their sex problems and attempt to solve them.Both spouses will examine and analyze the good and the bad sides of their relationship that affect their sex drives. In this case, the marriage therapist or counselor will not show biases in any of the sides in the conflicts (see â€Å"Marriage Counseling: Working through relationship problems†. MayoClinic. com, tools for healthier life. October 17, 2006). Moreover, as mentioned earlier that psychotherapy is a process of treating emotional or mental sickness by means of chatting which concern the client’s condition and other issues that are related with a mental health expert.It is also called as talk treatment, psychological therapy, counseling or just therapy. Same in counseling, psychotherapy sessions also help the couple able to learn regarding the root cause of their sex problems so that they can understand it, find out in how to pin point and change thought s which influence their sex life, look for better methods to overcome and work out the sex problems and find out to established practical objectives for their sex life (see â€Å"Psychotherapy: An overview of the types of therapy. MayoClinic. com, tools for healthier lives. October 17, 2006). b. 1 Sex TherapySex therapy is a specialized and virtuous treatment procedure to dilemmas of sexual expression and function. In a current research of the Journal of the American Medical Association stated that 3 out of 10 men and 4 out of 10 women have undergone sexual dilemmas. The problems that usually arise for men are the premature ejaculation, low sexual desire and dysfunction. While for women, the sexual problems are with arousal, pain through out the intercourse and low sexual desire. These kinds of matters are needed to be treated to avoid deeper problem that may lead to separation or divorce.Individuals or married couples look for sex treatment after they attempted to solve their sex problems yet failed (see Boulware, Carol. â€Å"Sex Therapy: Is it for you? † 2006). III. Conclusion Counseling and psychotherapy are such a big help to keep the relationship intact. It is really true that sex is one of the spices in a married life. Married people who have sex problems should not be hesitant to consult counseling and psychotherapy because it will help them identify and understand the root causes of their problem.They are also given suggestions and solutions that make their sex life more exciting and interesting. Bibliography: 1. Jaffe, Jaelline and Segal, Jeanne. â€Å"Psychotherapy and Relationship/Marriage Counseling†. Mental health Issues. Helpguide, July 14, 2004. http://www. helpguide. org/mental/psychotherapy_relationship_marriage_counseling. htm 2. Schimelpfening, Nancy. â€Å"What is the difference between Counseling and Psychotherapy. † Psychotherapy 101, page 1. http://depression. about. com/cs/psychotherapy/a/whatistherapy_2. htm 3. R eeves, Deborah. â€Å"Differences between counseling and psychotherapy.Healing-Minds. com. http://www. healing-minds. com/vs. html 4. â€Å"Marriage Counseling: Working through relationship problems†. MayoClinic. com, tools for healthier life. October 17, 2006. http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/marriage-counseling/MH00104 5. â€Å"Psychotherapy: An overview of the types of therapy. MayoClinic. com, tools for healthier lives. October 17, 2006. http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/psychotherapy/MH00009 6. Boulware, Carol. â€Å"Sex Therapy: Is it for you? † 2006. http://www. psychotherapist. net/sextherapy/sex-therapy. htm#anchor520639

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays

Is abortion protected by the Constitution essays If one were to read the U.S. Constitution in its entirety and then be asked if abortion was protected by the Constitution with no prior knowledge or influence concerning the issue, it is my feeling that the majority would answer no. However the Constitution is so broad in its language, as was intended, that from time to time it becomes the duty of the U.S. Supreme Court to interpret it in order to meet the standards or today, hence making their decision the law of the land. However it should also be noted that none of the Justices on the Court were the authors, knew the authors, nor knew their intent as it would apply to todays society. In Roe v. Wade it was decided that women had a right to privacy and as such had the right to choose to have an abortion. While this is not specifically stated in the Constitution it was interpreted to be such through the fourteenth amendments guarantee of liberty and due process clause. However the Court also decided that the State had an interest in the fetus in the second trimester and even more so in the third (viability). In this case, planned parenthood v. casey, the right of the State was questioned on the basis of whether they could implement guidelines/rules prior to having an abortion, such as notifying a parent, or the husband if married, etc. The Courts decision in this case was that the trimester approach of viability wasnt practical and the State could set guidelines/rules prior to abortion in order to promote potential life as long as it did not create an obstacle in (undue burden) getting an abortion if the woman so chooses. While the above is all fine and dandy it still, in my opinion, does not answer the question on whether abortion is protected by the Constitution. Obviously any ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court becomes the law of the land and as such within the realm of the Constitution, or as most would say Constitutional. I am very torn on this issue as whil...

How to End a Conversation With Sayonara

How to End a Conversation With Sayonara Click here for the dialogue for Introducing People. 1. Short Questions When asking information about someones name or country etc., a shortened form of a question is often used. This leaves just the topic, which is said with rising intonation. O-namae  wa  (nan desu ka).        Ã‚  (What is) your name? 㠁Šå  Ã¥â€° Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š O-kuni  wa  (dochira  desu ka).     Ã‚  (Where is) your country? 㠁Šå› ½Ã£  ¯(㠁 ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹)。 Go-senmon  wa  (nan desu ka).     (What is) your field of study? 㠁”å °â€šÃ©â€"ۋ  ¯(ä ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹)。 2. How to End a Conversation Sayonara㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°) is not normally used when leaving ones own home or places of temporary residence unless one is leaving for a very long time. If you know that you will see a person again soon, expressions like Ja mata 㠁˜ã‚Æ'㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸) or Mata ashita (㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥) are used.Shitsurei shimasu  (Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢) is a formal expression used when announcing that you are leaving someones presence or when you are leaving before someone else (in this case, it is often said as Osakini shitsurei shimasu(㠁Šå…ˆã  «Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢).) It is also used when entering a house or room, passing in front of someone, or leaving in the middle of a gathering. Dewa  mata.                    See you later.   㠁 §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚              Ã‚   Ja  mata.                             See you later. (less formal) 㠁˜ã‚Æ'㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Mata  ashita.                    See you tomorrow. 㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â‚¬â€š Sayonara.                          Good-bye. 㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€š Shitsurei  shimasu.     I am going to leave.  (very formal)  Ã‚   Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š

Midterm 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm 2 - Essay Example There are certainly more preferences that he can keep track of. Develop a problem definition for Steve, as discussed in the Session Five lecture notes and readings. The problem definition for Steve would consist of a list of the problems which he wants to address. In this case it the behavior of the customers and their preferences. He needs to keep track of the customer’s behavior, what they order, what they like, type of customers that walk in and the timings at which they prefer to be served. The objective for Steve in this case is to get as much information as possible about the customers so he can match his service to their requirements. The objective in this case is the enhancement of services based on customer needs. The issue is important for Steve since he is spending on his business to make it better. At present the most critical objectives are to gather relevant and accurate information regarding customer behavior and interpreting it so that the quality of service can be improved based on customer needs. B. You are going to interview the local manager of LDI, a national tire retailer, who has asked you to work as a system analyst on a management information system to provide inventory information. Here are five questions you wrote to prepare for the meeting: C. You are a project manager at L & D Inc., specialized in information technology and network engineering. One of your junior systems analyst came to you for an advice of a technology to capture user information requirements. He described to you that he had talked with his client several times in the past week to define user information requirements. Each time he thought he had captured user information requirements, they’ve already changed. Finally, he thinks his clients do not even know what they want for their system. Give your junior systems analyst an advice of a technology that he could use to capture user information requirements and

How globalization changes Canadas urban development after World War 2 Essay

How globalization changes Canadas urban development after World War 2 - Essay Example These are guided by the primary political objectives of the ruling power and the intricacies of welfare culture’s regional disparities (McBride & Mcnutt, 2007, p. 194). â€Å"Neo-liberalism is a set of economic policies that have dominated politics for the last 25 years. Essentially, neo-liberalism contains many elements. The foundation of neo-liberalism is a free-market economy, where there is as little government intervention as possible (Abu – Jazar, 2009).† In addition, it is one of the primary objectives of neo – liberalism to effect the privatization of public services. It is contended by its votaries that the private sector, being better equipped in this context, will provide these services in a much more optimal manner. Moreover, the proponents of neo – liberalism argue in favor of reduced expenditure on social services. The aim of this reduced spending being the minimization of intervention by the government (Abu – Jazar, 2009). The reduction of governmental intervention and promotion of individuality, ensures that a neo – liberal state is peopled by individuals who compete against all the other residents of that state. This promotes tremendous economic growth, as every individual is compelled to fend for himself, without relying upon the state to lend him anything more than the most basic support. A major criticism that is levelled against neo – liberalism is that it generates socio – economic disasters. An instance being the vast disparity between the poor and rich of the developed nations (Abu – Jazar, 2009). From the perspective of the competition state, the cardinal objectives are to promote economic growth and synchronize policy in a manner that complies with the requirements of the global market. Neoliberals are furnished a useful reference, in achieving these goals, by the global hegemonic ideology and the national policy experiments (McBride & Mcnutt, 2007, p. 194). Furthermore, a

Change management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Change management - Case Study Example verage of the potential purchasers of the customer relationship management software that is used for the professional purpose within the organization. Westerly was responsible for answering the queries from the interested customers. Westerly also explained her research method and the data collection techniques to Robert Lin who is the regional sales director (RSD) for Asia-Pacific. There were two other RSDs who received the negative complaints from the field consultants. Many of the RSDs from Europe and Middle East did not bother to respond to Westerly’s emails as they considered these as irrelevant. However, there were further complaints against her poor performance and she realized that she had failed in undertaking a change management within the organization. After Westerly’s recruitment in Kauflauf, she had to participate in a very short training program of around two months followed by visiting the regional sales directors in the fields and observing their work process. However, she gained an experience regarding the corporate culture followed in various organizations, but the training period was of a very short duration. Westerly was confused with the work process in the relationship driven and solution oriented work process, where technical excellence was considered to be an important factor. She had never worked in an informal atmosphere and the culture was completely unique as well as challenging for her. Many of the employees of Kauflauf considered working in the organization as a source of pride, whereas, very few of them felt that the job seemed frustrating. Westerly had been trained for a very short duration of time and she had to develop a great deal of understanding about the new culture of the organization. Therefore, the change management was a very challenging issue for her and she faced difficulty in understanding the demands of the customers. Hence, her attempt to undertake a change in the sales call pattern failed. Westerly had developed

Study of Chinas first five year plan

Study of Chinas first five year plan The industrial system taken over by the Chinese Communist leadership in 1949 was not only rudimentary and war-devastated, but also extremely imbalanced. Over 70% of the industrial assets and output were concentrated in the coastal areas while the rest of the country shared the remainder. Within the coastal region, modern industrial production was again heavily concentrated in a few cities, namely Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Anshan, Benxi, Dalian and Fushun accounted for 55% of the total for the coastal region. China was a typical dual economy, in which a few industrial cities were surrounded by large-scale agriculture. When the Chinese leadership started its efforts at industrialization, it regarded the huge coast-interior imbalance as irrational because, firstly, areas of industrial production were usually too far away from energy and raw materials supply areas and the interior market, meaning substantial long-distance transport costs and creating a strain on Chinas undeve loped transport system. Secondly, the rich resources in the inland areas could not be properly exploited. Finally, since the coast was easily exposed to foreign military power, the heavy concentration of industry there represented a national security risk, as was the case during the Second World War. To rectify that regional imbalance, the Chinese leadership decided to pull the levers of centrally directed investment. (Yang, 1990) Land Reform During the land reform, a significant amount landlords were murdered at Communist Party gatherings, the land was then given to peasants and there was also the Campaign to Suppress Counter-revolutionaries, involving public executions of mainly former Kuomintang officials, businessmen accused of market disturbances, former employees of Western companies and intellectuals whose loyalty was suspect. In 1976, the U.S. State department estimated around a million may have been killed during land reform, and a further 800,000 killed in the counterrevolutionary campaign (Shalom, 1984, p24). Mao himself claimed that a total of 700,000 people were executed during the years 1949-53 (Chang Halliday, 2005). However, because there was a policy to select at least one landlord, and usually several, in virtually every village for public execution, the number of deaths ranged between 2 and 5 million. In addition, at least 1.5million people (Short, 2001), perhaps as many as 6 million were sent to refor m through labour camps where many perished (Valentino, 2004). Mao played a personal role in organizing the mass repressions and established a system of execution quotas, which were often exceeded, arguing that these killings were a necessity for securing power. First Five year plan Chinas first Five-Year Plan entailed the forced provision of cheap agricultural supplies to cities, though per capita allocation kept low to discourage urbanization. In rural areas, production decisions are shifted from households to mutual aid teams, and then to cooperatives where a cadre makes key decisions. Ownership is redefined in the form of state-owned enterprises and collectivized farms. In terms of financial structure, the binding constraints on households and enterprises at this time are coupons, authorizations, and orders to deliver. These instruments rather than money determine production and consumption outcomes; therefore prices are of secondary importance. The Hundred Flowers campaign brings unanticipated criticism, especially from intellectuals, which Mao silences in the repressive anti-rightist campaign. Almost two-thirds of the major projects, including many being built with Soviet aid were located in the interior. Despite allowance made to help rehabilitate war-devastated coastal industrial facilities, nearly 56% of the state investment in fixed assets went to the interior during this period. The interior-orientated investment policy took its toll in terms of economic efficiency as coastal industrial growth was sorely needed as a foundation for the development of the whole country. More concentrated efforts at rehabilitation and improvement of old enterprises in the coastal region could have produced more immediate economic pay-offs than making new investments in areas that lacked infrastructural support. Thus, Mao, in his April 1956 speech On the ten great relationships, commented that in the past few years we have not laid enough stress on industry in the coastal region so that the productive power of coastal industry could be used for the full development of the whole country, e specially the interior. In the same speech, however, Mao also revealed he was in favour of building most of heavy industry, 90% or perhaps still more, in the interior. Worden, Savada and Dolan (1987) discussed how China used a Soviet approach to economic development was manifested in the First Five-Year Plan. The main objective was a high rate of economic growth, with primary emphasis on industrial development at the expense of agriculture and particular concentration on heavy industry and capital-intensive technology. Large numbers of Soviet engineers, technicians, and scientists assisted in developing and installing new heavy industrial facilities, including entire plants and pieces of equipment purchased from the Soviet Union. Government control over industry was increased during this period by applying financial pressures and inducements to convince owners of private, modern firms to sell them to the state or convert them into joint public-private enterprises under state control. By 1956 approximately 67.5% of all modern industrial enterprises were state owned, others were under joint ownership. No privately owned firms remained. During the sam e period, the handicraft industries were organized into cooperatives, which accounted for 91.7% of all handicraft workers by 1956. Agriculture also underwent extensive organizational changes. To facilitate the mobilization of agricultural resources, improve the efficiency of farming, and increase government access to agricultural products, the authorities encouraged farmers to organize increasingly large and socialized collective units. From the loosely structured, tiny mutual aid teams, villages were to advance first to lower-stage, agricultural producers cooperatives, in which families still received some income on the basis of the amount of land they contributed, and eventually to advanced cooperatives, or collectives. In terms of economic growth the First Five-Year Plan was quite successful, especially in those areas emphasized by the Soviet-style development strategy. A solid foundation was created in heavy industry. Thousands of industrial and mining enterprises were constructed, including 156 major facilities. Industrial production increased at an average annual rate of 19% between 1952 and 1957, and national income grew at 9% a year. Despite the lack of state investment in agriculture, agricultural output increased substantially, averaging increases of about 4% a year. This growth resulted primarily from gains in efficiency brought about by the reorganization and cooperation achieved through collectivization. As the First Five-Year Plan wore on, however, Chinese leaders became increasingly concerned over the relatively sluggish performance of agriculture and the inability of state trading companies to increase significantly the amount of grain procured from rural units for urban consumption. T he First Five-Year Plan was for a long time the only plan that was even partially executed. Second The success of the First Five Year Plan encouraged Mao to initiate the Great Leap Forward, in 1958. Mao also launched a phase of rapid collectivization. The Party introduced price controls as well as a Chinese character simplification aimed at increasing literacy. The Great Leap was not merely a bold economic project, it was also intended to show the Soviet Union that the Chinese approach to economic development was more vibrant, and ultimately would be more successful, than the Soviet model that had been used previously. Under the economic program, the relatively small agricultural collectives which had been formed were rapidly merged into far larger peoples communes, and many of the peasants ordered to work on massive infrastructure projects and the small-scale production of iron and steel. Some private food production was banned; livestock and farm implements were brought under collective ownership. Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao and other party leaders ordered the implementation of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques by the new communes. Combined with the diversion of labour to steel production and infrastructure projects and the reduced personal incentives under a commune system this led to an approximately 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by further 10% reduction in 1960 and no recovery in 1961 (Spence, p.553). To win favour with superiors and avoid being purged, each layer in the party hierarchy exaggerated the amount of grain produced under them and based on the fabricated success, party cadres were ordered to requisition a disproportionately high amount of the true harvest for state use primarily in the cities and urban areas but also for export, which resulted in the rural peasant snot left enough to eat and millions starved to death in the largest famine in human history. This famine was a direct cause of the death of some 3 0 millions of Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962 and about the same number of births were lost or postponed. Further, many children who became emaciated and malnourished during years of hardship and struggle for survival, died shortly after the Great Leap Forward came to an end in 1962 (Spence, p.553). The famine was due to Maos leaning heavily on mass mobilization to speed up industrial development. The Great Leap emphasized heavy industry in general, and the iron and steel industry in particular. In any case, the Great Leap came to be a leap into disaster and was a major cause of Chinas worst famine (1959-61). During this period state investment in industrial assets in the interior continued to increase. It averaged 59.4% of the national total during 1958-62 and further grew to 62-5% in the post-Leap adjustment period (1963-65). In the meantime, worsening Sino-Soviet relations and U.S. involvement in Vietnam led Chinas leaders to perceive a greater need for enhancing its national defence capabilities. As a result, despite the much felt post-crisis need to invigorate existing industrial production and restore consumption levels, Mao in 1964 ruled in favour of building more defence-orientated industries in the interior so that Chinas industrial infrastructure would survive a foreig n invasion and provide for a protracted defensive war. (Yang, 1990, p.236-7) As part of this push for hierarchical organization and revolutionary thinking, Mao initiates the Peoples Commune Movement to foster a communist-agrarian society. Bad incentives and bad weather bring the famine of 1960 with its accompanying economic turmoil, starvation, and rural revolt. Twenty to thirty million people lose their lives through malnutrition and famine (Fairbanks 1987, p.296). The failure of the Great Leap Forward and the Peoples Commune Movement created the first open split within the ranks of communist leaders. Furthermore, a major rift opens with the Soviets, leading to a break in relations and Russian aid flows. (Jaggi et al., WP 1996) The Great Leap Forward was a disaster for China. Although the steel quotas were officially reached, almost all of it made in the countryside was useless lumps of iron, as it had been made from assorted scrap metal in homemade furnaces with no reliable source of fuel such as coal. At the Lushan Conference in 1959, several leaders expressed concern that the Leap was not as successful as planned. The most direct of these was Minister of Defence and Korean War General Peng Dehuai. Mao, fearing loss of his position, orchestrated a purge of Peng and his supporters, stifling criticism of the Great Leap policies. Senior officials who reported the truth of the famine to Mao were branded as right opportunists (Becker, 1998). A campaign against right opportunism was launched and resulted in party members and ordinary peasants being sent to camps where many would subsequently die in the famine. The party have now concluded that 6 million were wrongly punished in the campaign. (Valentino, 2004, p . 127) The largest man-made famine on record was the Chinese famine of 1958-1961, which resulted in the death of an estimated 30 million people and approximately the same number of births lost or postponed. This famine was thought to be as a direct result of the decision by Mao Zedong to launch the Great Leap Forward, a mass mobilization of the population to achieve economic advancement. Mao followed the Stalinist ideology of heavy industry being the answer to economic advancement, peasants were ordered to abandon all private food production and instead produce steel which proved to be of extremely poor quality and of little or no use (Smil, 1999). This created a similar pattern to that of the loss of grain production needed to feed the population as seen in the Ukraine in the 1930s,by the spring of 1959 famine had affected people living in one-third of Chinas provinces. Until the mid 1980s, when official census figures were finally published by the Chinese Government, little was known abou t the scale of the disaster in the Chinese countryside, as the handful of Western observers allowed access during this time had been restricted to model villages where they were deceived into believing that Great Leap Forward had been a great success. There was also an assumption that the flow of individual reports of starvation that had been reaching the West, primarily through Hong Kong and Taiwan, must be localized or exaggerated as China was continuing to claim record harvests and was a net exporter of grain through the period. Because Mao wanted to pay back early to the Soviets debts totalling 1.973 billion yuan from 1960 to 1962, exports increased by 50%. (ONeill, 2008) Censuses were carried out in China in 1953, 1964 and 1982. The first attempt to analyse this data in order to estimate the number of famine deaths was carried out by Dr Judith Banister. Given the gaps between the censuses and doubts over the reliability of the data, an accurate figure is difficult to ascertain. Banister concluded that the official data implied that around 15 million excess deaths incurred in China during 1958-61 and that based on her modelling of Chinese demographics during the period and taking account of assumed underreporting during the famine years, the figure was around 30 million. The official statistic is 20 million deaths, as given by Hu Yaobang (Short, 2001). Third Temporary realignment of political power, from Mao to Liu Shaoqi Recovery policies informed by pragmatism Readjustment of priorities Agriculture, Light, Heavy Take agriculture as the key link Agriculture as the foundation of the economy; grain as the foundation of the foundation Reorganisation of agricultural institutional framework commune production brigade, production team Introduction of grain imports Retrenchment in industry Third Five year Plan (1966-1969) tasks included developing agriculture to feed the populace and meet other basic needs (such as clothing); strengthening national defence (a priority given Chinese concerns of a potential war); advancing technology; developing infrastructure; encouraging economic self-reliance. Again striving to expand his command over the Party, Mao orchestrates the Cultural Revolution. Early stages of the movement entail a struggle against the so called antiparty clique, including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. Mao calls on the youth as Red Guards to spread revolutionary zeal. They make a specialty of attacking professionals and intellectuals, and wreak havoc on the educational system. Begun as a political struggle, the Cultural Revolution paralyzes normal life and throws the economy into turmoil. Fourth The Cultural Revolution change political succession discipline government bureaucracy produce a new generation of revolutionary successors introduce egalitarian policy initiatives Transfer of political power from pragmatic economic technocrats to radical elements of CCP (esp. gang of four) Three elements of Cultural Revolution economic strategy self-sufficiency egalitarianism the Third Front Cultural Revolution as an urban, not rural, phenomenon industry, not agriculture, the major loser The Fourth Five Year Plan was more successful than anticipated, with the industrial and agricultural goals exceeded by 14.1% and industrial gross output value goals by 21.1%. Agricultural gains also exceeded goals, but more moderately, with a 2.2% rise above expectations. According to the Official Portal of the Chinese Government, however, the focus on accumulation and rapid development in this and preceding plans were impediments to long-term economic development In September 1970, the Plan was drafted with such goals as maintaining an annual growth rate of 12.5% in industry and agriculture as well as specific budget allowances for infrastructure construction (130 billion yuan during the Plan). In 1973, some of the specific provisions of the plan were amended to lower the targets. All targets had been reached or surpassed by the end of 1973. China experienced a vibrant economy in the years 1972 and 1973. Conclusion In conclusion, Maos five year plans, during his time as Chairman of the CPC, were not only enabled China to grow in terms of GDP, but enabled improved rates of literacy, improved living standards if only slightly, some elements of trade liberalisation occurred and a focus on agriculture was eventually made in order to develop food securities, there was some industrialisation and investment in infrastructure. The growth was mainly export-led as GDP per capita did not drastically increase, infrastructure investment rose to a level allowing China to uphold its ability to It therefore can be argued that although many millions of people suffered due to Mao, that China today has partly benefited from the Mao years, although I believe that if Mao had not been kept unaware of the situation that arose in the Great Leap Forward years, that the suffering and deaths that occurred could have been avoided.